Pubmed abstracts for Protein-Protein Interaction search result :

Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cutting edge : preferentially the R stereoisomer of the mycoplasmal lipopeptide macrophage activating lipopeptide 2 activates immune cells through a toll like receptor 2 and MyD 88 dependent signaling pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cutting edge : Immune stimulation by neisserial porins is toll like receptor 2 and MyD 88 dependent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To elucidate the mechanism of the priming effects of IFN gamma for the LPS response by HGF , we examined whether IFN gamma regulated expression of CD 14 , Toll like receptor 2 ( TLR 2 ) , TLR 4 , MD 2 , and MyD 88 , all of which are molecules suggested to be associated with LPS signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Consistent with their differential effects on cytokine production , extracts from M . tuberculosis promote IL 12 production primarily via Toll like receptor 2 and an MyD 88 dependent pathway , whereas heat killed yeasts activate DC via a Toll like receptor 2 , MyD 88 , and Toll / IL 1R domain containing protein independent pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MDP activated human monocytic THP 1 cells in a CD 14 , Toll like receptor 2 ( TLR 2 ) and TLR 4 independent manner to increase expression of MyD 88 , a common adaptor and signaling molecule for TLRs , and exhibited synergistic cytokine inducing effects with TLR 4 agonists ( LPS , synthetic lipid A ) , TLR 2 agonist ( synthetic lipopeptide ) , and TLR 9 agonist ( bacterial CpGDNA ) in THP 1 cells in culture . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Heat killed Brucella abortus induces TNF and IL 12p40 by distinct MyD 88 dependent pathways : TNF , unlike IL 12p40 secretion , is Toll like receptor 2 dependent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MyD 88 is essential for clearance of Leishmania major : possible role for lipophosphoglycan and Toll like receptor 2 signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Similarly , a 70 to 80 % reduction in neutrophils in the pleural cavity compared with wild type animals was noted in mice lacking mast cells ( W / W ( 5 ) mice ) ; mice deficient in MyD 88 ( MyD 88 ( / ) ) ; a critical component of the signaling cascade of the major receptor for zymosan , toll like receptor 2 ( TLR 2 ) ; or in mice pretreated with a functionally antagonistic anti TLR 2 antibody . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Porin of Shigella dysenteriae enhances mRNA levels for Toll like receptor 2 and MyD 88 , up regulates CD 80 of murine macrophage , and induces the release of interleukin 12 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both innate immunity and type 1 humoral immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae are mediated by MyD 88 but differ in their relative levels of dependence on toll like receptor 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The capacity of C . pneumoniae to increase the ATP content was ablated in macrophages deficient in expression of either Toll like receptor 2 or the Toll like receptor accessory protein MyD 88 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To define primary determinants of cellular recognition , uptake , and inflammatory responses to MSU crystals , we conducted a study to test the role of Toll like receptor 2 ( TLR 2 ) , TLR 4 , and the cytosolic TLR adapter protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) , which are centrally involved in innate immune recognition of microbial pathogens . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The phagocyte pattern recognition receptor Toll like receptor 2 ( TLR 2 ) and the multi receptor adaptor MyD 88 contribute to the reduction of bacterial load in infections with intra and extra cellular Gram positive bacteria . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both interleukin 1 receptor ( IL 1R ) and toll like receptor 2 ( TLR 2 ) signal via the adapter molecule MyD 88 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of Toll like receptor 2 ( TLR 2 ) protein was down regulated in BLP tolerant cells , whereas no significant differences in TLR 4 , MyD 88 , interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 4 ( IRAK 4 ) , and TNF receptor associated factor 6 expression were observed between nontolerant and BLP tolerant cells , as confirmed by Western blot analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MyD 88 dependent responses involving toll like receptor 2 are important for protection and clearance of Legionella pneumophila in a mouse model of Legionnaires ' disease . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Finally , alpha glucan induces cytokine secretion by cells of the innate immune system in a mechanism involving toll like receptor 2 , CD 14 , and MyD 88 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we show that the adaptor molecule , myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) , mediates both apoptosis and nuclear factor kappaB ( NF kappaB ) activation by BLP stimulated TLR 2 . ^^^ TLR 2 signals for apoptosis through MyD 88 via a pathway involving Fas associated death domain protein ( FADD ) and caspase 8 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , cells of TLR 2 and TLR 4 deficient mice are activated by CpG DNA , whereas cells of MyD 88 deficient mice do not respond . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cutting edge : TLR 2 deficient and MyD 88 deficient mice are highly susceptible to Staphylococcus aureus infection . ^^^ To investigate the role of TLR family in host defense against Gram positive bacteria , we infected TLR 2 and MyD 88 deficient mice with Staphylococcus aureus . ^^^ Both TLR 2 and MyD 88 deficient mice were highly susceptible to S . aureus infection , with more enhanced susceptibility in MyD 88 deficient mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Micrococci and peptidoglycan activate TLR 2 > MyD 88 > IRAK > TRAF > NIK > IKK > NF kappaB signal transduction pathway that induces transcription of interleukin 8 . ^^^ These data indicate that micrococci and PGN induce TLR 2 dependent activation of the gene for IL 8 and that this activation requires MyD 88 , IRAK , NIK , IKK , and NF kappaB and may also utilize TRAF 6 and , to a lesser extent , TRAF2 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria activate TLR 2 > MyD 88 > IRAK > TRAF > NIK > IKK > NF > kappaB signal transduction pathway that induces transcription of the IL 8 gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The rapid induction of IkappaBalpha ( index of NF kappaB activity ) and up regulation of the adaptor protein MyD 88 suggest that LPS induced TLR 2 transcription may be dependent on the NF kappaB pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BMMCs and the murine mast cell line MC / 9 expressed mRNA for TLR 2 , TLR 4 , and TLR 6 but not TLR 5 and for both adapter molecule MD 2 and signaling molecule MyD 88 but lacked surface CD 14 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For example , TLR 2 and TLR 9 require MyD 88 as an essential signal transducer , whereas TLR 4 can induce costimulatory molecule upregulation in a MyD 88 independent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Compared with elicited peritoneal macrophages obtained from wild type and heterozygous mice , TLR 2 ( / ) and MyD 88 ( / ) macrophages produced significantly less tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNFalpha ) following A . fumigatus stimulation . ^^^ TLR 2 ( / ) , TLR 4 ( / ) , MyD 88 ( / ) , and CD 14 ( / ) macrophages bound similar numbers of RC and SC compared with wild type macrophages . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study investigated the potential roles of TLR 2 , TLR 4 , and the signaling protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) in polymicrobial septic peritonitis . ^^^ Whereas both TLR 2 and TLR 4 were dispensable for host defense against septic peritonitis , MyD 88 deficient mice were protected in this infection model . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lastly , we performed experiments in vitro in which macrophages deficient in TLR 2 or MyD 88 were directly infected with Listeria : Although TLR signaling was required for macrophage NO and cytokine production in response to Listeria , handling and direct killing of Listeria by activated macrophages occurred by TLR 2 and MyD 88 independent mechanisms . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using various knockout mice we show that GBS induced activation of p 38 and NF kappaB depends upon the expression of the cytoplasmic TLR adapter protein , myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) , but not TLR 2 and / or TLR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TLR 4 , but not TLR 2 , agonists can induce IFN beta expression via a mechanism that requires the adapter protein Toll IL 1R domain containing adapter protein ( TIRAP ) / myeloid differentiation protein 88 ( MyD 88 ) adapter like ( Mal ) , but not the adapter protein MyD 88 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study investigated the influence of TLR ( toll like receptor ) 4 , TLR 2 , and MyD 88 in Toxoplasma gondii infected wild type ( WT ) mice and TLR 4 , TLR 2 , and MyD 88 deficient mice . ^^^ Ninety five percent of MyD 88 deficient mice died 10 16 days after intraperitoneal infection with 100 cysts of T . gondii Fukaya strain , whereas 95 100 % of TLR 4 and TLR 2 deficient mice and WT C57BL / 6 ( B 6 ) mice survived for more than 7 wk after T . gondii infection . ^^^ The distribution of T . gondii in various organs of TLR 4 , TLR 2 , and MyD 88 deficient mice and WT B 6 mice was assessed 2 wk after T . gondii intraperitoneal infection using quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Instead , TIRAP has a crucial role in the MyD 88 dependent signalling pathway shared by TLR 2 and TLR4 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TIR domain containing adapter protein ( TIRAP ) / MyD88 adapter like , a second adapter harboring the TIR domain , is essential for MyD 88 dependent TLR 2 and TLR 4 signaling pathways , but not for MyD 88 independent pathways . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TLR 2 , TLR 4 , MD 2 and MyD 88 , although human periodontal ligament fibroblasts expressed TLR 2 more strongly than human gingival fibroblasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Another TIR domain containing adaptor , TIRAP / Mal has recently been shown to mediate the MyD 88 dependent activation in the TLR 4 and TLR 2 signalling pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mucosal TLR 4 , CD 14 , TLR 2 , MyD 88 , and IL 1beta mRNA were semiquantified by Northern blotting . ^^^ TLR 4 and CD 14 mRNA were increased in the distal colon , but TLR 2 mRNA was expressed more strongly in the proximal colon , and MyD 88 had a uniform expression throughout the gut . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TLR 2 induced activation of Ser 727 STAT 1 phosphorylation required the adapter protein MyD 88 , whereas TLR 4 induced activation of Ser 727 STAT 1 phosphorylation was not solely dependent on MyD 88 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differences between signals generated by TLRs are emerging , with both TLR 4 and TLR 2 signalling requiring an additional adapter termed MyD 88 adapter like ( Mal ; also known as TIRAP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results demonstrated three patterns of gene expression : the TLR 2 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) gene expressions were induced in AM in response to lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) , interleukin ( IL ) 1beta , or tumor necrosis factor alpha or in the lung tissue of an LPS induced acute lung injury model ; the gene expressions of TLR 1 , 3 , 6 , CD 14 , and MD 2 were unchanged ; and the TLR 4 and TLR 5 gene expressions were downregulated in AM following inflammatory stimuli . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the case of TLR 2 and TLR 4 , another adaptor related to MyD 88 called Mal also participates in signalling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Primary murine macrophages and human cell lines expressing TLR 2 , CD 14 , and the adapter protein MyD 88 responded to amphotericin B with NF kappaB dependent reporter activity and cytokine release , whereas cells deficient in any of these failed to respond . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To assess the role of Toll like receptor ( TLR ) signaling in host resistance to Mycobacterium avium infection , mice deficient in the TLR adaptor molecule myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) , as well as TLR 2 ( / ) and TLR 4 ( / ) animals , were infected with a virulent strain of M . avium , and bacterial burdens and immune responses were compared with those in wild type ( WT ) animals . ^^^ Infected TLR 2 ( / ) mice also showed increased susceptibility , but displayed longer survival and lower bacterial burdens than MyD 88 ( / ) animals , while TLR 4 ( / ) mice were indistinguishable from their WT counterparts . ^^^ Histopathological examination of MyD 88 ( / ) mice revealed massive destruction of lung tissue not present in WT , TLR 2 ( / ) , or TLR 4 ( / ) mice . ^^^ In addition , MyD 88 ( / ) and TLR 2 ( / ) , but not TLR 4 ( / ) , mice displayed marked reductions in hepatic neutrophil infiltration during the first 2 h of infection . ^^^ Although both MyD 88 ( / ) and TLR 2 ( / ) macrophages showed profound defects in IL 6 , TNF , and IL 12p40 responses to M . avium stimulation in vitro , in vivo TNF and IL 12p40 mRNA induction was impaired only in infected MyD 88 ( / ) mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The resulting predictions show the presence of one or more counterparts for the human TLR 1 , TLR 2 , TLR 3 , TLR 4 , TLR 5 , TLR 7 , TLR 8 , TLR 9 , IL 1R and IL 18R genes and one copy of the adaptor genes MyD 88 , MAL , TRIF and SARM . ^^^ The sequence of cloned cDNAs for TLR 4 , TLR 2 and MyD 88 show the same intron exon organisation as in the human counterparts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We observed that TLR 4 interactions with itself , with MyD 88 , or with TLR 2 were accurately reported by the enzyme complementation technique . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These findings suggest that mycoplasmal lipoproteins can trigger TLR 2 and TLR 6 mediated sequential bifurcate responses : NF kappa B activation as an early event , which is partially mediated by MyD 88 and FADD ; and apoptosis as a later event , which is regulated by p 38 MAPK as well as by MyD 88 and FADD . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we evaluated the impact of TLR 2 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) deficiencies in host resistance to infection with T . cruzi . ^^^ Our results show that macrophages derived from TLR 2 ( / ) and MyD 88 ( / ) mice are less responsive to GPI mucin derived from T . cruzi trypomastigotes and parasites . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Hib porin induced TNF alpha and IL 6 production was virtually eliminated in macrophages from TLR 2 or MyD 88 deficient mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TIRAP is specifically involved in the MyD 88 dependent pathway via TLR 2 and TLR 4 , whereas TRIF is implicated in the TLR 3 and TLR 4 mediated MyD 88 independent pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Engagement of TLR 2 by Hib OMPC was MyD 88 dependent , as Hib OMPC induced TNF production was ablated in MyD 88 knockout ( KO ) mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we used experimental Listeria monocytogenes infection of mice to analyze requirements for TLR 2 , TLR 4 and the central TLR adaptor protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) in the generation of specific T cell responses . ^^^ We demonstrate that following L . monocytogenes infection , mice deficient in TLR 2 , TLR 4 and MyD 88 can generate Listeria specific CD8+ and CD4+ Th 1 responses . ^^^ Thus , TLR 2 , TLR 4 and MyD 88 dependent signals are not essential for the generation of CD4+ Th 1 and CD8+ T cells , and T cells can protect mice against infection in the absence of these signals . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was found that 1 ) the MyD 88 dependent pathway is required for resistance to both fungi ; 2 ) the involvement of the MyD 88 adapter may occur through signaling by distinct members of the IL 1R / TLR superfamily , including IL 1R , TLR 2 , TLR 4 , and TLR 9 , with the proportional role of the individual receptors varying depending on fungal species , fungal morphotypes , and route of infection ; 3 ) individual TLRs and IL 1R activate specialized antifungal effector functions on neutrophils , which correlates with susceptibility to infection ; and 4 ) MyD 88 dependent signaling on dendritic cells is crucial for priming antifungal Th 1 responses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This TLR 2 , TLR 6 , and MyD 88 independent inhibitory effect is also mediated by LAM from M . bovis bacillus Calmette Gurin but not by LAM derived from M . chelonae and M . kansasii . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The production of tumor necrosis factor , interleukin 12 , and nitric oxide and the expression of the costimulatory molecules CD 40 and CD 86 , which are necessary for the control of infection , were reduced in TLR 2 deficient macrophages and dendritic cells stimulated by Listeria and were almost abolished in the absence of MyD 88 , coincident with the high susceptibility of MyD 88 deficient mice to in vivo infection . ^^^ Therefore , the present data demonstrate a role for TLR 2 in the control of Listeria infection , but other MyD 88 dependent signals may contribute to host resistance . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study examined the potential in vivo roles of TLR 2 and MyD 88 during infection with GBS . ^^^ When pups were infected locally with a low bacterial dose , none of the TLR 2 or MyD 88 deficient mice , but all of the wild type ones , were able to prevent systemic spread of GBS from the initial focus . ^^^ Bacterial burden was higher in MyD 88 than in TLR 2 deficient mice , indicating a more profound defect of host defense in the former animals . ^^^ Under these conditions , however , TLR 2 or MyD 88 deficiency significantly protected mice from lethality , concomitantly with decreased circulating levels of TNF alpha and IL 6 . ^^^ Administration of anti TNF alpha Abs to wild type mice could mimic the effects of TLR 2 or MyD 88 deficiency and was detrimental in the low dose model , but protective in the high dose model . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Ligation of either TLR 2 or asialoGM 1 by ligands with specificity for either receptor , by Pseudomonas aeruginosa , or by Staphylococcus aureus stimulates IL 8 production through activation of NF kappa B , as mediated by TLR 2 and MyD 88 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In these studies , mice deficient in CD 14 , TLR 2 , TLR 4 , and the TLR associated adaptor protein , MyD 88 , were utilized to investigate the contribution of TLRs and CD 14 to in vivo host defenses against C . neoformans . ^^^ The course of pulmonary cryptococcosis was studied in more detail in the CD 14 ( / ) , TLR 2 ( / ) , and MyD 88 ( / ) mice . ^^^ These studies demonstrate a major role for MyD 88 and relatively minor roles for CD 14 and TLR 2 in the response to cryptococcal infection , with the decreased survival of MyD 88 ( / ) mice correlating with increased numbers of lung CFU and serum and lung GXM levels . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Taken together , our results indicate that the MyD 88 dependent pathway is essential for the development of early host responses to P . aeruginosa infection , leading to the clearance of this bacterium , and that TLR 2 and TLR 4 are involved in this process . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Human monocytes , human embryonic kidney cells transfected with TLR 2 , and peritoneal macrophages from TLR 2 , MyD 88 knockout , and wild type mice were studied to determine intracellular signaling and proinflammatory cytokine induction by HCV proteins . ^^^ RESULTS : HCV core and NS 3 proteins triggered inflammatory cell activation via the pattern recognition receptor TLR 2 and failed to activate macrophages from TLR 2 or MyD 88 deficient mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , each TLR appears to possess a distinctive ability to activate DCs or PBMCs , suggesting that TLR mediated responses can not be simply cataloged as resembling either TLR 2 ( MyD 88 dependent ) or TLR 4 ( MyD 88 independent ) and that other signaling modalities may exist . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MEFs from mice with targeted deletions of TLR 2 , TLR 4 and MyD 88 demonstrated profound defects in their IL 6 response to their specific ligands , consistent with studies of macrophages and tissues from adult knockout animals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
On the other hand , MyD 88 ( / ) mice , but not TLR 2 ( / ) mice , showed impaired cytokine production and resistance to infection with T . cruzi parasites . ^^^ Here we evaluate the importance of MyD 88 and TLR 2 in MAPK activation and cytokine synthesis by macrophages exposed to live T . cruzi parasites and compared to tGPIm . ^^^ The absence of MAPK phosphorylation in TLR 2 and MyD 88 deficient macrophages exposed to tGPIm correlated with the incapacity to induce cytokine release in these cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of MyD 88 , a central adapter molecule in TLR dependent signaling , was similar in both TLR 2 KO and WT microglia , suggesting that the defect in PGN recognition by the former is not due to alterations in this key signaling intermediate . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TLR 2 and TLR 4 , acting via the adapter protein MyD 88 , signal responses to Cryptococcus neoformans , Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans in vitro , although the relative significance of these TLRs to host defenses in vivo is unclear . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TIRAP specifically participates in the MyD 88 dependent pathways shared by TLR 2 and TLR 4 , and TRAM is essential for the TLR 4 mediated MyD 88 independent pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We now demonstrate that ES 62 mediated , low level IL 12 and TNF alpha production by macrophages and dendritic cells is abrogated in MyD 88 and TLR 4 , but not TLR 2 , knockout , mice implicating TLR 4 in the recognition of ES 62 by these cells and MyD 88 in the transduction of the resulting intracellular signals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We further show that TGF beta 1 can specifically interfere with TLR 2 , 4 , or 5 ligand induced responses involving the adaptor molecule MyD 88 ( myeloid differentiation factor 88 ) but not the TRAM / TRIF signaling pathway by decreasing MyD 88 protein levels in a dose and time dependent manner without altering its mRNA expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Such responses were severely impaired in TLR 9 / and myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) / , but not in TLR 2 , TLR 4 , TLR 7 , or Toll / interleukin 1 receptor domain containing adaptor inducing interferon beta / mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : Corneal epithelium of C57BL / 6 , TLR 2 ( / ) , TLR 9 ( / ) , and MyD 88 ( / ) mice was abraded and treated with Pam ( 3 ) Cys , LPS , or CpG DNA , which bind TLR 2 , 4 , and 9 , respectively , and neutrophil recruitment to the corneal stroma , development of corneal haze , and chemokine production were measured . ^^^ Activation of TLR 2 , 4 , and 9 also caused a significant increase in corneal thickness and haze , indicative of disruption of corneal clarity ; however , this response was ablated in MyD 88 ( / ) mice , which were not significantly different from untreated corneas . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Together , these findings demonstrate that the corneal epithelium has functional TLR 2 and 9 , and that TLR 2 , 4 , and 9 signal through MyD 88 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MyD 88 and TLR 2 , but not TLR 4 , are required for host defense against Cryptococcus neoformans . ^^^ Peritoneal macrophages from MyD 88 ( / ) or TLR 2 ( / ) mice released significantly less TNF alpha , compared with wild type controls , after in vitro stimulation with whole yeasts . ^^^ When MyD 88 or TLR 2 deficient mice were infected with low doses of the H 99 serotype A strain , all of the control animals , but none of MyD 88 ( / ) and only 38 % of the TLR 2 ( / ) animals survived , in association with higher fungal burden in the mutant mice . ^^^ Both MyD 88 ( / ) and TLR 2 ( / ) animals showed decreased TNF alpha , IL 12p40 and / or IFN gamma expression in various organs during infection . ^^^ In conclusion , our data indicate that TLR 2 and MyD 88 , but not TLR 4 , critically contribute to anti cryptococcal defenses through the induction of increased TNF alpha , IL 12 and IFN gamma expression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , TLR 2 , 4 and 9 , which recognize gram negative and positive bacterial products , are not essential for NF kappaB activation and IL 6 production after PH , which excludes a possible contribution of TLR2 / TLR4 or TLR 9 to MyD 88 mediated pathways . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Finally , induced EBI 3 gene expression in DCs was reduced or abrogated in TLR 2 / TLR4 , TLR 9 , and MyD 88 knockout mice , whereas both basal and inducible EBI 3 mRNA levels in DCs were strongly suppressed in NF kappaB p 50 deficient mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
FKS were added to elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages from wild type , TLR 2 / , and MyD 88 / cells , and wild type cells made more tumor necrosis factor alpha , MIP 2 , and interleukin 6 than did the mutant macrophages . ^^^ Taken together , these results show that cytokine responses in mouse peritoneal macrophages to C . posadasii spherules are dependent on TLR 2 , MyD 88 , and Dectin 1 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Neisserial porin induced dendritic cell activation is MyD 88 and TLR 2 dependent . ^^^ We previously demonstrated the requirement of MyD 88 and TLR 2 for PorB induced B cell activation . ^^^ In the present study , MyD 88 and TLR 2 were also essential for PorB induced DC activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette Guerin infection of human neutrophils induces CXCL 8 secretion by MyD 88 dependent TLR 2 and TLR 4 activation . ^^^ BCG induced transcription and secretion of the chemokine CXCL 8 , by signalling through Toll like receptors TLR 2 and TLR 4 , in conjunction with the adaptor protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) . ^^^ Anti TLR 2 antibody blocked the early phase of CXCL 8 and MyD 88 induction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although LPS is a TLR 4 ligand , the gram positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus ( SA ) is a TLR 2 ligand , and group B streptococci ( GBS ) are neither TLR 2 nor TLR 4 ligands but are MyD 88 dependent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Additionally , although TLR 2 / mice showed no enhanced susceptibility to intranasal infection with HSV 1 , MyD 88 / mice were highly susceptible to infection and displayed viral migration to the brain , severe neuropathological signs of encephalitis , and 100 % mortality by day 10 after infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
At day 14 the MyD 88 deficent mice developed a severe , chronic lung inflammation with elevated IL 1beta and IFN gamma leading to increased mortality , whereas wild type mice as well as TLR 2 or TLR 4 deficient mice recovered from acute pneumonia and did not show delayed bacterial clearance . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chlamydia trachomatis induces expression of IFN gamma inducible protein 10 and IFN beta independent of TLR 2 and TLR 4 , but largely dependent on MyD 88 . ^^^ However , we found that levels of IP 10 in genital tract secretions of Chlamydia trachomatis infected female wild type mice were similar to those of infected TLR 2 and TLR 4 deficient mice but significantly greater than those of infected MyD 88 deficient mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Further , the systemic and local production of both myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) dependently and MyD 88 independently produced cytokines was substantially diminished , but not completely absent , in TLR 2 treated mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Peritoneal macrophages ( PMs ) from toll like receptor 4 ( TLR 4 ) deficient and wild type ( WT ) mice were responsive to recombinant Toxoplasma gondii derived heat shock protein 70 ( rTgHSP 70 ) and natural TgHSP 70 ( nTgHSP 70 ) in NO release , but those from TLR 2 , myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) , and interleukin 1R associated kinase 4 ( IRAK 4 ) deficient mice were not . ^^^ These data indicated that TgHSP 70 signaling mechanisms were mediated by TLR 2 , MyD 88 , and IRAK 4 , but not by TLR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that during infection of macrophages , Brucella avoids activation of TLR 4 at 6 h but activates TLR 4 , TLR 2 , and myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) at 24 h postinfection . ^^^ Interestingly , even though its activation is delayed , MyD 88 is important for host defense against Brucella infection in vivo , since MyD 88 ( / ) mice do not clear the bacteria as efficiently as wild type , TLR 4 ( / ) , TLR 2 ( / ) , or TLR4 / TLR2 ( / ) mice . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
No novel mutations or polymorphisms were found in the coding regions of TLR 1 , TLR 2 , TLR 6 , MyD 88 , or TRAF 6 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : TLR 2 deficient ( TLR 2 ( / ) ) , MyD 88 ( / ) , Jalpha 281 ( / ) , gld / gld , and lpr / lpr mice , all of which have a C57BL / 6 background , and C3H / HeN and TLR 4 mutated C3H / HeJ mice were subjected to bile duct ligation ( BDL ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The TLR 2 and TLR 4 mRNA and protein expression , TLR signaling pathway ( MYD 88 , NF kappaB and AP 1 ) , putative TLR ligand ( heat shock protein 70 [ HSP 70 ] ) , and maturation of dendritic cells were evaluated in CsA treated rat kidneys . ^^^ RESULTS : Long term CsA treatment upregulated TLR 2 and TLR 4 mRNA and protein expression on renal tubular cells , and these were accompanied by increased MYD 88 , NF kappaB and AP 1 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , P . acnes priming sensitized TLR 2 deficient ( TLR 2 / ) but not MyD 88 / mice to LPS induced injury , evidenced by hepatocyte necrosis , increased levels of serum TNF alpha , IFN gamma , IL 6 , and liver proinflammatory cytokine mRNA expression . ^^^ IFN gamma , a cytokine sensitizing to endotoxin , was induced by P . acnes in splenocytes of TLR 2 / and TLR 9 / but not MyD 88 / mice . ^^^ These results suggest that although P . acnes triggers TLR 2 mediated cell activation , TLR 2 independent but MyD 88 dependent mechanisms mediate in vivo sensitization by P . acnes for LPS induced liver injury . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Induction of macrophage derived SLPI by Mycobacterium tuberculosis depends on TLR 2 but not MyD 88 . ^^^ This induction signifies the presence of a TLR 2 dependent but MyD 88 independent M . tuberculosis signalling pathway , suggesting involvement of adaptor protein ( s ) other than MyD 88 in M . tuberculosis mediated induction of SLPI . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we examined the role of TLR 2 , TLR 4 , and MyD 88 in the response to B . anthracis . ^^^ The ability of heat killed B . anthracis to induce a TNF alpha response was preserved in TLR 2 / but not in MyD 88 / macrophages . ^^^ In vivo studies revealed that TLR 2 / mice and TLR 4 deficient mice were resistant to challenge with aerosolized Sterne strain spores but MyD 88 / mice were as susceptible as A / J mice . ^^^ We conclude that , although recognition of B . anthracis occurs via TLR 2 , additional MyD 88 dependent pathways contribute to the host innate immune response to anthrax infection . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we report that hyaluronan degradation products require MyD 88 and both Toll like receptor ( TLR ) 4 and TLR 2 in vitro and in vivo to initiate inflammatory responses in acute lung injury . ^^^ Myd 88 ( / ) and Tlr 4 ( / ) Tlr 2 ( / ) mice showed impaired transepithelial migration of inflammatory cells but decreased survival and enhanced epithelial cell apoptosis after lung injury . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mice deficient in MyD 88 , TLR 2 , TLR 4 , or TLR 9 were immunized with the retinal Ag interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein in CFA , and their EAU scores and associated immunological responses were examined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TLR 2 and MyD 88 contribute to Lactobacillus casei extract induced focal coronary arteritis in a mouse model of Kawasaki disease . ^^^ METHODS AND RESULTS : Bone marrow derived macrophages from TLR 2 or MyD 88 deficient mice were unresponsive to LCCWE induced stimulation . ^^^ Intraperitoneal injection of LCCWE produced severe focal coronary arteritis in TLR 4 ( / ) and C57BL / 6 control mice but not in TLR 2 ( / ) or MyD 88 ( / ) mice . ^^^ Collectively , these results indicate that LCCWE is a potent inducer of nuclear factor kappaB via TLR 2 but not TLR 4 and that this activation proceeds via the MyD 88 dependent signaling pathway . ^^^ In vivo studies suggest that TLR 2 ( / ) mice are protected from LCCWE induced coronary arteritis and that this protection is mediated through the adaptor molecule MyD 88 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
When keratinocytes were infected with M . furfur , an up regulation for TLR 2 , MyD 88 , HBD 2 , HBD 3 and IL 8 mRNA was demonstrated , compared to the untreated cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chromosomal locations of 19 horse immunity related loci ( CASP 1 , CD 14 , EIF5A , FCER1A , IFNG , IL12A , IL12B , IL12RB2 , IL1A , IL23A , IL 4 , IL 6 , MMP 7 , MS4A2 , MYD 88 , NOS2A , PTGS 2 , TFRC and TLR 2 ) were determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Localization of TLR 2 and MyD 88 to Chlamydia trachomatis inclusions . ^^^ Finally , we show that both TLR 2 and MyD 88 co localize with the intracellular chlamydial inclusion , suggesting that TLR 2 is actively engaged in signaling from this intracellular location . ^^^ Our data further demonstrate that TLR 2 and the adaptor MyD 88 are specifically recruited to the bacterial or inclusion membrane during a productive infection with chlamydia and provide the first evidence that intracellular TLR 2 is responsible for signal transduction during infection with an intracellular bacterium . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transfection of cholangiocytes with dominant negative mutants of TLR 2 and TLR 4 , as well as the adaptor molecule myeloid differentiation protein 88 ( MyD 88 ) , inhibited C . parvum induced activation of IL 1R associated kinase , p 38 , and NF kappaB . ^^^ Short interfering RNA to TLR 2 , TLR 4 , and MyD 88 also blocked C . parvum induced NF kappaB activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of VIP on basal or TNF alpha or lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) induced TLR 2 , TLR 4 and MyD 88 expression and its effects on TLR 4 mediated CCL 2 and CXCL 8 chemokine production were studied by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction , western blotting and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay . ^^^ RESULTS : TLR 2 , TLR 4 and MyD 88 mRNA expression was increased in RA FLS compared with OA FLS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Signaling pathways requiring MyD 88 and TLR 2 were important for production of a factor produced by IFN gamma treated BMphi that interfered with effector T cell functions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Silencing of TLR 3 , TLR 2 , IRAK 1 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) expression by RNA interference revealed that both TLR are involved in the secretion of NO and TNF alpha induced by L . donovani promastigotes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MyD 88 mediates neutrophil recruitment initiated by IL 1R but not TLR 2 activation in immunity against Staphylococcus aureus . ^^^ In addition , MyD 88 and IL 1R but not TLR 2 deficient mice had severely decreased recruitment of neutrophils to the site of infection . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of this study was to assess the role of TLR 2 , TLR 4 and MyD 88 accessory molecule in the effector and secretory response of macrophages to viable microbial agents . ^^^ Using TLR deleted macrophage cell lines generated from the bone marrow of genetically engineered mice ( TLR 4 gene deficient , MyD 88 and TLR 2 knockout mice ) and wild type control mice , we found that TLR 2 deleted macrophages exhibit increased ability to contain Candida albicans infection compared to TLR2+ / + counterpart . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MyD 88 adapter like ( Mal ) is phosphorylated by Bruton ' s tyrosine kinase during TLR 2 and TLR 4 signal transduction . ^^^ MyD 88 adapter like ( Mal ) is one such adapter that specifically is involved in TLR 2 and TLR 4 signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : The expression of TLR 2 5 , MD 2 , MyD 88 , and IRAK 1 was examined in human liver tissue and cultured BECs by immunohistochemistry or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ RESULTS : TLR 2 5 , MyD 88 , and IRAK 1 proteins were detectable in BECs of the intrahepatic biliary tree in human liver tissue . ^^^ TLR 2 5 , MD 2 , MyD 88 , and IRAK 1 mRNA was demonstrated in human cultured BECs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gliadin induced zonulin release , increased intestinal permeability , and cytokine production were dependent on myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) , a key adapter molecule in the TLR / IL 1R signaling pathways , but were neither TLR 2 nor TLR 4 dependent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Proinflammatory cytokine production in liver regeneration is Myd 88 dependent , but independent of Cd 14 , Tlr 2 , and Tlr 4 . ^^^ To determine whether LPS signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL 6 during the priming phase of liver regeneration , we performed PH on mice lacking the TLRs Tlr 4 and Tlr 2 , the LPS coreceptor , Cd 14 , and Myd 88 , an adapter protein involved in most TLR and IL 1R pathways . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Yeast two hybrid experiments reveal that the TIR domains of human TLR differ in their ability to associate with MyD 88 : The TIR of TLR 2 binds to MyD 88 but the TIR of the closely related TLR 1 , 6 , or 10 do not . ^^^ For example , heat shock protein ( HSP ) 60 binds to TLR 1 but not to TLR 2 , and HSP 60 and MyD 88 appear to bind the same region of the TIR domain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of Toll like receptors ( TLRs ) , including TLR 2 , TLR 4 , and TLR 9 , as well as the adaptor molecule MyD 88 , was considerably reduced in peritoneal macrophages that were treated with ginsan before a subsequent contact with S . aureus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Deficiencies in TLR 2 or the shared TLR adapter molecule MyD 88 have been shown to result in greatly increased bacterial burdens in mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MyD 88 knockout ( KO ) mice , but not TLR 2 , TLR 4 or TLR 9 deficient mice , rapidly succumbed following in vivo bacterial infection via the intradermal route even with a very low dose of LVS ( 5 10 10 ( 1 ) ) that was 100 , 000 fold less than the LD ( 50 ) of normal wild type ( WT ) mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Dectin 1 recognition of germ tubes also stimulates TNF alpha production in the absence of both TLR 2 and MyD 88 signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
PCR was used to measure the gene expression of TLR 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 9 , MyD 88 , MD 2 , CD 14 and interleukin 8 and 6 . ^^^ RESULTS : Uroepithelial cells expressed TLR 2 , 3 , 4 and 9 , and MyD 88 , MD 2 , CD 14 , interleukin 6 and 8 were also detected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HSP70 stimulated DCs from WT , TLR 2 deficient , and MyD 88 deficient , but not TLR 4 deficient mice expressed IFN beta mRNA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Production of TNF alpha and IL 1 alpha following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide or bacterial lipopeptides was completely abolished in TLR 2 & TLR 4 doubly deficient keratinocytes and in MyD 88 deficient keratinocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : We compared the roles of myeloid differentiation primary response gene ( 88 ) ( MyD 88 ) , which regulates signaling through multiple TLRs , and TLR 2 in mediating resistance to aerosolized Legionella pneumophila infection in vivo . ^^^ TLR 2 mediates partial resistance to L . pneumophila , which indicates that additional MyD 88 dependent , TLR 2 independent pathways are essential for full protection . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Glycopeptidolipids from Mycobacterium avium promote macrophage activation in a TLR 2 and MyD 88 dependent manner . ^^^ This stimulation was dependent on TLR 2 and myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 ( MyD 88 ) but not TLR 4 . ^^^ It is interesting that the ssGPLs activated macrophages in a TLR 2 and MyD 88 dependent manner , and no macrophage activation was observed when using apolar GPLs . ssGPLs also differed in their ability to activate macrophages with Serovars 1 and 2 stimulating inhibitor of kappaB p 38 and phosphorylation and tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) secretion , while Serovar 4 failed to stimulate p 38 activation and TNF alpha production . ^^^ Our studies indicate that ssGPLs can function as TLR 2 agonists and promote macrophage activation in a MyD 88 dependent pathway . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TIRAP ( Toll / IL 1R domain containing adaptor protein ) is an adaptor in TLR 1 , TLR 2 , TLR 4 , and TLR 6 signaling , whereas MyD 88 is an adaptor for all TLRs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that both heat inactivated whole GBS and a secreted proteinaceous factor from GBS ( GBS F ) induce neuronal apoptosis via the activation of murine microglia through a TLR 2 dependent and MyD 88 dependent pathway in vitro . ^^^ GBS as well as GBS F induce the synthesis of NO in microglia derived from wild type but not TLR 2 ( / ) or MyD 88 ( / ) mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , while TLR 2 is clearly important in control of infection , inflammation is actually worsened in the absence of TLR 2 or the shared TLR adapter molecule , MyD 88 , suggesting that there are alternative pathways regulating inflammation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment with palmitate rapidly induced the association of myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) with the TLR 2 receptor , activated the stress linked kinases p 38 , JNK , and protein kinase C , induced degradation of IkappaBalpha , and increased NF kappaB DNA binding . ^^^ RNA interference mediated inhibition of TLR 2 and MyD 88 expression in C2C12 muscle cells resulted in a near complete inhibition of palmitate induced insulin resistance and IL 6 production . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BMFE tolerized macrophages ( in terms of IFN beta , IL 1beta , IL 6 , IL 12p40 , and TNF alpha inflammatory cytokine production ) in a dose dependent manner toward self , LPS , MyD 88 dependent TLR 2 or TLR 9 ligands ( peptidoglycan , triacyl lipopeptide , CpG DNA ) and the MyD 88 independent / TRIF dependent TLR 3 ligand , polyinosinic polycytidylic acid . ^^^ The mechanism of BMFE mediated macrophage tolerance was dependent on MyD 88 and TLR 2 but not TLR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In this report , we demonstrate that LMW HA activates the innate immune response via TLR 2 in a MyD 88 , IL 1R associated kinase , TNFR associated factor 6 , protein kinase Czeta , and NF kappaB dependent pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , these responses did not require TLR 2 , TLR 4 , or MYD 88 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To find a potential mechanism by which intrinsic renal cells may contribute toward disease exacerbation , mesangial cells were studied and shown to express TLR 2 and MyD 88 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In primary macrophages from knockout mice , HMGB 1 activates significantly less TNF release in cells obtained from MyD 88 and TLR 4 knockout mice as compared with cells from TLR 2 knockout and wild type controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IFN gamma induced gene expression was also inhibited by mycobacteria in RAW264 . 7 cells expressing dominantnegative TLR 2 or myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) , further indicating the existence of a pathway independent of TLR 2 and MyD 88 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expressions of Tlr 2 , Tlr 4 and Myd 88 were also upregulated in the inflamed colonic region , and in an in situ hybridization study , a positive signal for Card15 / Nod2 was observed in the crypt of the epithelial cell layer and in the infiltrated cells of the submucosal and myenteric regions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The current study examined the role of TLR 2 , TLR 4 , and TLR 9 and the common adaptor molecule myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) in a Staphylococcus aureus model of corneal inflammation . ^^^ The corneal epithelia of C57BL / 6 , TLR 2 ( / ) , TLR 4 ( / ) , TLR 9 ( / ) , and MyD 88 ( / ) mice were abraded using a trephine and epithelial brush and were exposed to heat or UV inactivated S . aureus clinical strain 8325 4 and other clinical isolates . ^^^ The exposure of corneal epithelium to S . aureus induced neutrophil recruitment to the corneal stroma and increased corneal thickness and haze in control C57BL / 6 mice but not in TLR 2 ( / ) or MyD 88 ( / ) mice . ^^^ These findings indicate that S . aureus induced corneal inflammation is mediated by TLR 2 and MyD 88 in resident epithelial cells and infiltrating neutrophils . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cutting edge : TLR 9 and TLR 2 signaling together account for MyD 88 dependent control of parasitemia in Trypanosoma cruzi infection . ^^^ Strikingly , infected Tlr 2 ( / ) Tlr 9 ( / ) mice developed a parasitemia equivalent to animals lacking MyD 88 , an essential signaling molecule for most TLR , but did not show the acute mortality displayed by MyD 88 ( / ) animals . ^^^ Our results reveal that TLR 2 and TLR 9 cooperate in the control of parasite replication and that TLR 9 has a primary role in the MyD 88 dependent induction of IL 12 / IFN gamma synthesis during infection with T . cruzi . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our investigations revealed that immunocompetent TLR 2 , TLR 4 , and MyD 88 knockout mice were not more susceptible to invasive aspergillosis as compared with wild type mice and that the in vitro phosphorylation of the MAPKs ERK and p 38 was not affected in TLR 2 , TLR 4 , or MyD 88 knockout mice following stimulation with conidia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using these cells , we now show that LITAF expression can be induced after challenge either with LPS from Porphyromonas gingivalis via agonism at TLR 2 , or with LPS from Escherichia coli via agonism at TLR 4 , both requiring functional MyD 88 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O60603 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA