Pubmed abstracts for Protein-Protein Interaction search result :

Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.57053921
LPS induced the association of MyD 88 with TLR 4 and increased IRAK 1 activity in medium pretreated cells . 0.57053921^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.51927714
The mechanisms of GP induced cardioprotection involve decreased association of TLR 4 with MyD 88 , inhibition of I / R induced IRAK and IKKbeta activity and decreased NFkappaB activity . 0.51927714^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Signaling by hToll is shown to occur through sequential recruitment of the adapter molecule MyD 88 and the IL 1R associated kinase . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mal ( MyD 88 adapter like ) is required for Toll like receptor 4 signal transduction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chlamydial heat shock protein 60 activates macrophages and endothelial cells through Toll like receptor 4 and MD 2 in a MyD 88 dependent pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of mPGES was not induced by LPS in mice lacking Toll like receptor 4 or MyD 88 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was also found that gingival fibroblasts express CD 14 , Toll like receptor 4 ( TLR 4 ) , and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 ( MyD 88 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
RESULTS : Activation of innate immunity by lambda carrageenan is dependent on Toll like receptor 4 ( TLR 4 ) and MyD 88 , in which induction of pro inflammatory cytokines such as TNF alpha and IL 6 was largely impaired in macrophages from TLR 4 and MyD 88 deficient mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Synergistic effects of lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma in inducing interleukin 8 production in human monocytic THP 1 cells is accompanied by up regulation of CD 14 , Toll like receptor 4 , MD 2 and MyD 88 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reciprocal modulation of Toll like receptor 4 signaling pathways involving MyD 88 and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase / AKT by saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To identify structural features that may contribute to the formation of signaling complexes , we produced models of the TIR domains from human Toll like receptor 4 ( TLR 4 ) , Mal , and MyD 88 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we show that Th 1 response associated susceptibility is dependent on activation signals mediated by MyD 88 and Toll like receptor 4 ( TLR 4 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In conclusion , lipopolysaccharide appears to form a receptor complex of CD 14 , Toll like receptor 4 , MD 2 , and MyD 88 in cultured biliary epithelial cells and seems to regulate activation of NF kappaB and synthesis of TNF alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
While C1q did not affect mRNA expression of Toll like receptor 4 ( TLR 4 ) , MD 2 , and myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) , BMDC treated with C1q showed the reduced activity of NF kappaB and the delayed phosphorylation of p 38 , c Jun N terminal kinase , and extracellular signal regulated kinase after LPS stimulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
OBJECTIVES : CD 14 , toll like receptor 4 ( TLR 4 ) and MyD 88 have been shown to mediate responsiveness in host cells to lipopolysaccharide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Peritoneal macrophages ( PMs ) from toll like receptor 4 ( TLR 4 ) deficient and wild type ( WT ) mice were responsive to recombinant Toxoplasma gondii derived heat shock protein 70 ( rTgHSP 70 ) and natural TgHSP 70 ( nTgHSP 70 ) in NO release , but those from TLR 2 , myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) , and interleukin 1R associated kinase 4 ( IRAK 4 ) deficient mice were not . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Toll like receptor 4 ( TLR 4 ) is a receptor for LPS and transduces signals through myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) , which plays essential roles in the TLR / IL 1R signaling and activates NF kappaB and MAP kinase pathways to induce RANKL expression in osteoblasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Macrophages from Toll like receptor 4 ( TLR 4 ) / or MyD 88 / mice responded to M . tuberculosis similarly to wild type macrophages by exhibiting increased SLPI expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Discovering differential activation machinery of the Toll like receptor 4 signaling pathways in MyD 88 knockouts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Toll like receptor 4 ( TLR 4 ) is a receptor for LPS and transduces signals through myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) , which plays essential roles in the TLR / interleukin ( IL ) 1R signaling and activates MAP / ERK kinase ( MEK ) / ERK pathway to induce receptor activator of NF kappaB ligand ( RANKL ) expression in osteoblasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
IL 21 weakly induced the expression Toll like receptor 4 ( TLR 4 ) and translation initiation region ( TIR ) domain containing adaptor protein ( TIRAP ) genes , whereas the expression of TIR domain containing adaptor inducing IFN beta ( TRIF ) , myeloid differentiation ( MyD 88 ) 88 factor , or TRIF related adaptor molecule ( TRAM ) genes remained unchanged . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Absence of TRAM restricts Toll like receptor 4 signaling in vascular endothelial cells to the MyD 88 pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MyD 88 and NOS 2 are essential for toll like receptor 4 mediated survival effect in cardiomyocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Association of IL 1 receptor associated kinase ( IRAK ) with MyD 88 was studied by co immunoprecipitation and Toll like receptor 4 ( TLR 4 ) determined by FACS scan and Western blotting . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
LPS signaling is mediated by Toll like receptor 4 , which uses four adapter proteins , MyD 88 , MyD 88 adapter like ( Mal ) , Toll / IL 1R domain containing adapter inducing IFN beta ( Trif ) , and Trif related adapter molecule ( TRAM ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the current studies , we investigated whether MyD 88 , the primary , but not exclusive , intracellular signal transduction pathway for Toll like receptor 4 and IL 1 receptor 1 , is necessary for anorexia and weight loss to occur in response to stimuli that activate these key innate immune receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND & AIMS : We recently showed that mice deficient in Toll like receptor 4 ( TLR 4 ) or its adapter molecule MyD 88 have increased signs of colitis compared with wild type ( WT ) mice after dextran sodium sulfate ( DSS ) induced injury . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have previously shown that both TLR 4 and MyD 88 deficient mice are hyporesponsive to LPS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To assess the role of the Toll like receptor ( TLR ) family in mycoplasmal lipopeptide signaling , the MALP 2 mediated responses were analyzed using macrophages from wild type , TLR 2 , TLR 4 , and MyD 88 deficient mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that LPS binds to HGFs , and that HGFs express TLR 4 and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 ( MyD 88 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The inability of delta Tlr 4 ( P712H ) to activate NF kappa B and induce COX 2 expression is rescued by a constitutively active adapter protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) , which interacts directly with the cytoplasmic domain of Tlr proteins . ^^^ Furthermore , MyD 88 is co immunoprecipitated with the wild type delta Tlr 4 but not with the delta Tlr 4 ( P712H ) mutant . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MyD 88 is a TIR domain containing adapter molecule known to have a central role in both IL 1 and TLR 4 signaling . ^^^ A52R mimicked the dominant negative effect of a truncated version of MyD 88 on IL 1 , TLR 4 , and IL 18 signaling but had no effect on MyD 88 independent signaling pathways . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Lipopolysaccharide binds TLR 4 and can induce DC maturation in the absence of MyD 88 , whereas CpG DNA binds TLR 9 and induces DC maturation in a MyD 88 dependent manner . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MyD 88 dependent and independent pathways originate at the intracytoplasmic region of TLR 4 , because both cytokine induction and functional maturation were abolished in DCs from C3H / HeJ mice carrying the point mutation in the region . ^^^ Finally , in vivo analysis revealed that MyD 88 , but not TLR 4 , deficient splenic CD11c ( + ) DCs could up regulate their costimulatory molecule expression in response to LPS . ^^^ Collectively , the present study provides the first evidence that the MyD 88 independent pathway downstream of TLR 4 can lead to functional DC maturation , which is critical for a link between innate and adaptive immunity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The role of MyD 88 and TLR 4 in the LPS mimetic activity of Taxol . ^^^ To determine whether TLR 4 and its interacting adaptor molecule MyD 88 are necessary for Taxol ' s LPS mimetic actions , we examined Taxol responses of primary macrophages from genetically defective mice lacking either TLR 4 ( C57BL / 10ScNCr ) or MyD 88 ( MyD 88 knockout ) . ^^^ When stimulated with Taxol , macrophages from wild type mice responded robustly by secreting both TNF and NO , while macrophages from either TLR 4 deficient C57BL / 10ScNCr mice or MyD 88 knockout mice produced only minimal amounts of TNF and NO . ^^^ Taxol induced microtubule associated protein kinase ( MAPK ) activation and NF kappa B nuclear translocation were absent from TLR 4 null macrophages , but were preserved in MyD 88 knockout macrophages with a slight delay in kinetics . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although some cellular responses are completely abolished in MyD 88 deficient mice , TLR 4 , but not TLR 9 , can activate NF kappa B and mitogen activated protein kinases and induce dendritic cell maturation in the absence of MyD 88 . ^^^ These differences suggest that another adapter must exist that can mediate MyD 88 independent signaling in response to TLR 4 ligation . ^^^ We have identified and characterized a Toll interleukin 1 receptor ( TIR ) domain containing adapter protein ( TIRAP ) and have shown that it controls activation of MyD 88 independent signaling pathways downstream of TLR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In contrast , gingival epithelial cells and KB cells expressed the mRNA expression for Toll like receptor ( TLR ) 2 , TLR 4 , MD 2 and MyD 88 to the similar extent to those observed in SW 620 cells . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report in this study the characterization of the MyD 88 independent pathway via TLR 4 . ^^^ Thus , TLR 4 signaling is composed of at least two distinct pathways , a MyD 88 dependent pathway that is critical to the induction of inflammatory cytokines and a MyD88 / TNFR associated factor 6 independent pathway that regulates induction of IP 10 . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BMMCs and the murine mast cell line MC / 9 expressed mRNA for TLR 2 , TLR 4 , and TLR 6 but not TLR 5 and for both adapter molecule MD 2 and signaling molecule MyD 88 but lacked surface CD 14 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To elucidate the mechanism of the priming effects of IFN gamma for the LPS response by HGF , we examined whether IFN gamma regulated expression of CD 14 , Toll like receptor 2 ( TLR 2 ) , TLR 4 , MD 2 , and MyD 88 , all of which are molecules suggested to be associated with LPS signaling . ^^^ In CD 14 ( high ) HGF , IFN gamma markedly up regulated CD 14 and MyD 88 but not TLR 4 protein and MD 2 mRNA expression , while in CD 14 ( low ) HGF , IFN gamma slightly increased MyD 88 and scarcely affected CD 14 , TLR 4 protein , and MD 2 mRNA levels . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TLR 4 induced IFN beta mRNA was MyD 88 and PKR ( double stranded RNA dependent protein kinase ) independent , but TIRAP ( Toll interleukin 1 receptor domain containing adapter protein ) dependent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For example , TLR 2 and TLR 9 require MyD 88 as an essential signal transducer , whereas TLR 4 can induce costimulatory molecule upregulation in a MyD 88 independent manner . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Gamma interferon and granulocyte / monocyte colony stimulating factor prevent endotoxin tolerance in human monocytes by promoting interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase expression and its association to MyD 88 and not by modulating TLR 4 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TLR 4 belongs to a family of innate immunity receptors that possess a large extracellular domain of leucine rich repeats , a single trans membrane segment , and a smaller cytoplasmic signaling region that engages the adaptor protein MyD 88 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These differences may be because of different signalling adapters , with MyD 88 being used by several TLRs , and the adapter MyD 88 adapter like ( Mal ) being recruited specifically by TLR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Several of the signaling molecules that mediate LPS induced NF kappaB activation , including Tlr 4 , MyD 88 , and IRAK 1 , have been similarly reported to mediate LPS pro apoptotic signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , in response to a TLR 4 ligand , lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) , MyD 88 deficient ( MyD 88 ( / ) ) DC can up regulate co stimulatory molecule expression and enhance their T cell stimulatory activity , indicating that the MyD 88 independent pathway through TLR 4 can induce some features of DC maturation . ^^^ These results demonstrate that the MyD 88 independent pathway through TLR 4 can confer on DC the ability to support T ( h ) 2 immune responses . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Treatment with IFN gamma enhanced Toll like receptor ( TLR ) 2 , TLR 4 , MD 2 and MyD 88 mRNA expression as determined by reverse transcriptase PCR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we examined the contribution of Toll like receptor ( TLR ) 2 , TLR 4 , the adapter protein MyD 88 , and CD 14 to signaling in response to the three forms of A . fumigatus encountered during human disease : resting conidia ( RC ) , swollen conidia ( SC ) , and hyphae ( H ) . ^^^ TLR 2 ( / ) , TLR 4 ( / ) , MyD 88 ( / ) , and CD 14 ( / ) macrophages bound similar numbers of RC and SC compared with wild type macrophages . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In vitro , LPS signals to the transcription factors NFkappaB via TLR 4 , MyD 88 , and IL 1R associated kinase ( IRAK ) , to AP 1 by mitogen activated protein ( MAP ) kinases , and via an alternate route in IRAK deficient mice , but the in vivo lung signaling pathway ( s ) are not understood . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The present study investigated the potential roles of TLR 2 , TLR 4 , and the signaling protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) in polymicrobial septic peritonitis . ^^^ Whereas both TLR 2 and TLR 4 were dispensable for host defense against septic peritonitis , MyD 88 deficient mice were protected in this infection model . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using various knockout mice we show that GBS induced activation of p 38 and NF kappaB depends upon the expression of the cytoplasmic TLR adapter protein , myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) , but not TLR 2 and / or TLR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The TLR 4 adapter protein , MyD 88 , translocated to the cell surface upon LPS exposure , and cross linking of surface TLR 4 with antibody induced signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TLR 4 can activate MyD 88 deficient bone marrow derived DC ( BMDC ) , and lead to induction of IFN inducible genes and up regulation of co stimulatory molecules such as CD 40 , implying that the MyD 88 independent signaling pathway functions downstream of TLR 4 . ^^^ Thus , in TLR 4 signaling , IFN beta expression can be induced either by the MyD 88 dependent or independent pathway , whereas , in TLR 9 signaling , it is dependent on MyD 88 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , P . gingivalis purified natural lipid A and compound PG 381 lacked the ability to activate gingival fibroblasts from C3H / HeJ , TLR 4 knockout ( KO ) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) KO mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TLR 4 , but not TLR 2 , agonists can induce IFN beta expression via a mechanism that requires the adapter protein Toll IL 1R domain containing adapter protein ( TIRAP ) / myeloid differentiation protein 88 ( MyD 88 ) adapter like ( Mal ) , but not the adapter protein MyD 88 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This study investigated the influence of TLR ( toll like receptor ) 4 , TLR 2 , and MyD 88 in Toxoplasma gondii infected wild type ( WT ) mice and TLR 4 , TLR 2 , and MyD 88 deficient mice . ^^^ Ninety five percent of MyD 88 deficient mice died 10 16 days after intraperitoneal infection with 100 cysts of T . gondii Fukaya strain , whereas 95 100 % of TLR 4 and TLR 2 deficient mice and WT C57BL / 6 ( B 6 ) mice survived for more than 7 wk after T . gondii infection . ^^^ The distribution of T . gondii in various organs of TLR 4 , TLR 2 , and MyD 88 deficient mice and WT B 6 mice was assessed 2 wk after T . gondii intraperitoneal infection using quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Another adaptor , TIRAP ( also known as Mal ) , has been cloned as a molecule that specifically associates with TLR 4 and thus may be responsible for the MyD 88 independent response . ^^^ In contrast to previous suggestions , our results show that TIRAP is not specific to TLR 4 signalling and does not participate in the MyD 88 independent pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NF kappaB activation by TLR2 / 1 , TLR2 / 6 and the TLR 4 monomer , but not TLR4 / 4 , was completely inhibited by dominant negative MyD 88 , suggesting that TLR 4 homodimers and monomers could activate NF kappaB through different mechanisms . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differences between signals generated by TLRs are emerging , with TLR 4 signalling requiring an additional adapter termed MyD 88 adapter like ( Mal ) , which may regulate the expression of genes specific for the response required to eliminate infection by Gram negative bacteria . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MDP activated human monocytic THP 1 cells in a CD 14 , Toll like receptor 2 ( TLR 2 ) and TLR 4 independent manner to increase expression of MyD 88 , a common adaptor and signaling molecule for TLRs , and exhibited synergistic cytokine inducing effects with TLR 4 agonists ( LPS , synthetic lipid A ) , TLR 2 agonist ( synthetic lipopeptide ) , and TLR 9 agonist ( bacterial CpGDNA ) in THP 1 cells in culture . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , accumulating evidence demonstrates the existence of a MyD 88 independent pathway , which may explain unique biological responses of individual TLRs , particularly TLR 3 and TLR 4 . ^^^ TIR domain containing adapter protein ( TIRAP ) / MyD88 adapter like , a second adapter harboring the TIR domain , is essential for MyD 88 dependent TLR 2 and TLR 4 signaling pathways , but not for MyD 88 independent pathways . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TLR 2 , TLR 4 , MD 2 and MyD 88 , although human periodontal ligament fibroblasts expressed TLR 2 more strongly than human gingival fibroblasts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The administration of a TLR 4 ligand , lipopolysaccharide , concomitant with arthritogenic serum in IL 1 receptor deficient mice resulted in acute paw swelling , but not in MyD 88 deficient mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The TIR domain containing MyD 88 acts as a common adaptor that induces inflammatory cytokines ; however , there exists a MyD 88 independent pathway that induces type 1 IFNs in TLR 4 and TLR 3 signalling . ^^^ Another TIR domain containing adaptor , TIRAP / Mal has recently been shown to mediate the MyD 88 dependent activation in the TLR 4 and TLR 2 signalling pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The adaptor proteins MyD 88 and TIRAP contribute to the activation of several and possibly all pathways via direct interactions with TLR 4 ' s Toll / interleukin 1 receptor ( IL 1R ) ( TIR ) domain . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our data also reveal that the cytoplasmic tails of both TLR 3 and TLR 4 can directly interact with myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mucosal TLR 4 , CD 14 , TLR 2 , MyD 88 , and IL 1beta mRNA were semiquantified by Northern blotting . ^^^ TLR 4 and CD 14 mRNA were increased in the distal colon , but TLR 2 mRNA was expressed more strongly in the proximal colon , and MyD 88 had a uniform expression throughout the gut . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TLR 2 induced activation of Ser 727 STAT 1 phosphorylation required the adapter protein MyD 88 , whereas TLR 4 induced activation of Ser 727 STAT 1 phosphorylation was not solely dependent on MyD 88 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Differences between signals generated by TLRs are emerging , with both TLR 4 and TLR 2 signalling requiring an additional adapter termed MyD 88 adapter like ( Mal ; also known as TIRAP ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , co immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that Btk can also interact with key proteins involved in TLR 4 signal transduction , namely , MyD 88 , Mal ( MyD 88 adapter like protein ) , and interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 1 , but not TRAF 6 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The results demonstrated three patterns of gene expression : the TLR 2 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) gene expressions were induced in AM in response to lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) , interleukin ( IL ) 1beta , or tumor necrosis factor alpha or in the lung tissue of an LPS induced acute lung injury model ; the gene expressions of TLR 1 , 3 , 6 , CD 14 , and MD 2 were unchanged ; and the TLR 4 and TLR 5 gene expressions were downregulated in AM following inflammatory stimuli . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TLR 4 induced IFN beta mRNA was found to be MyD 88 and PKR ( double stranded RNA dependent protein kinase ) independent , but TIRAP ( Toll / interleukin 1 receptor domain containing adapter protein ) / Mal ( MyD 88 adapter like ) dependent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The TLR 4 signal has an MyD 88 independent pathway that is involved in induction of type 1 interferons ( IFNs ) and IFN inducible genes via IFN regulatory factor 3 activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the case of TLR 2 and TLR 4 , another adaptor related to MyD 88 called Mal also participates in signalling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Stimulation of Toll like receptors ( TLRs ) triggers activation of a common MyD 88 dependent signaling pathway as well as a MyD 88 independent pathway that is unique to TLR 3 and TLR 4 signaling pathways leading to interferon ( IFN ) beta production . ^^^ Mice deficient in both MyD 88 and TRIF showed complete loss of nuclear factor kappa B activation in response to TLR 4 stimulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These findings indicate that TLR 4 and IL 1R induced PI 3 kinase activity is mediated by the adapter proteins MyD 88 and IRAK 1 but not Mal . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TRAM interacts with TRIF , MyD 88 adaptor like protein ( Mal ) / TIRAP , and TLR 4 but not with TLR 3 . ^^^ These studies suggest that TRIF and TRAM both function in LPS TLR 4 signaling to regulate the MyD 88 independent pathway during the innate immune response to LPS . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although MyD 88 and Mal / TIRAP adapters functions downstream of TLR 4 , DC maturation and IFN beta induction are independent of MyD 88 and Mal / TIRAP . ^^^ Hence , in LPS signaling TLR 4 recruits two types of adapters , TIRAP and TICAM 2 , to its cytoplasmic domain that are indirectly connected to two effective adapters , MyD 88 and TICAM 1 , respectively . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MyD 88 is a common adaptor that is essential for proinflammatory cytokine production , whereas TRIF mediates the MyD 88 independent pathway from TLR 3 and TLR 4 . ^^^ TLR 4 but not TLR 3 mediated MyD 88 independent interferon beta production and activation of signaling cascades were abolished in TRAM deficient cells . ^^^ Thus , TRAM provides specificity for the MyD 88 independent component of TLR 4 signaling . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To assess the role of Toll like receptor ( TLR ) signaling in host resistance to Mycobacterium avium infection , mice deficient in the TLR adaptor molecule myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) , as well as TLR 2 ( / ) and TLR 4 ( / ) animals , were infected with a virulent strain of M . avium , and bacterial burdens and immune responses were compared with those in wild type ( WT ) animals . ^^^ Infected TLR 2 ( / ) mice also showed increased susceptibility , but displayed longer survival and lower bacterial burdens than MyD 88 ( / ) animals , while TLR 4 ( / ) mice were indistinguishable from their WT counterparts . ^^^ Histopathological examination of MyD 88 ( / ) mice revealed massive destruction of lung tissue not present in WT , TLR 2 ( / ) , or TLR 4 ( / ) mice . ^^^ In addition , MyD 88 ( / ) and TLR 2 ( / ) , but not TLR 4 ( / ) , mice displayed marked reductions in hepatic neutrophil infiltration during the first 2 h of infection . ^^^ Similarly , MyD 88 ( / ) mice displayed a profound defect in IFN gamma response that was not evident in TLR 2 ( / ) or TLR 4 ( / ) mice or in animals deficient in IL 18 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Also , the TLR 4 adaptor protein MyD 88 and the serine / threonine kinase IRAK 1 were rapidly recruited to the Golgi apparatus upon stimulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Moreover , using vectors expressing dominant negative forms of MyD 88 and TRAF 6 , we established that LPS induced activation of respiratory epithelial cells is largely dependent on TLR 4 signaling intermediates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These observations demonstrate for the first time the existence of 2 distinct pathways of LPS induced NF kappa B activation and cytokine production in human myeloid and nonmyeloid cells defined by selective utilization of TLR 4 , MyD 88 , Mal / TIRAP , and IKK 2 , and reveal a layer of complexity not previously expected . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To investigate the role of TLRs / MyD88 pathway in the development of the gut associated lymphoid tissue ( GALT ) , we examined the development of Peyer ' s patches ( PPs ) and cryptopatch ( CP ) , and also one of effector compartment , intraepithelial lymphocyte ( IEL ) in MyD 88 / , TLR 2 / and TLR 4 / mice . ^^^ The development of PPs in MyD 88 / and TLR 4 / mice was completely recovered in 10 weeks . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we show that MAPK ERK kinase kinase ( MEKK 3 ) is an essential signal transducer of the MyD 88 IRAK TRAF 6 complex in IL 1R TLR 4 signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The resulting predictions show the presence of one or more counterparts for the human TLR 1 , TLR 2 , TLR 3 , TLR 4 , TLR 5 , TLR 7 , TLR 8 , TLR 9 , IL 1R and IL 18R genes and one copy of the adaptor genes MyD 88 , MAL , TRIF and SARM . ^^^ The sequence of cloned cDNAs for TLR 4 , TLR 2 and MyD 88 show the same intron exon organisation as in the human counterparts . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We observed that TLR 4 interactions with itself , with MyD 88 , or with TLR 2 were accurately reported by the enzyme complementation technique . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because TLR 4 is involved in both MyD 88 dependent and independent pathways and the latter affects DC maturation , our findings indicate that both pathways cooperate to induce CTL based tumor immunity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TIRAP is specifically involved in the MyD 88 dependent pathway via TLR 2 and TLR 4 , whereas TRIF is implicated in the TLR 3 and TLR 4 mediated MyD 88 independent pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In addition to the common myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) dependent signaling pathway , TLR 4 engages the adaptor protein Toll / IL 1 receptor ( TIR ) domain containing adaptor inducing IFN beta ( TRIF ) , leading to interferon regulatory factor 3 ( IRF 3 ) activation and type 1 interferon production . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Finally , we assessed levels of the TLR 4 adapter protein , the myeloid differentiation antigen 88 ( MyD 88 ) . ^^^ Since TLR 4 signals intracellularly through the adapter protein , MyD 88 , we hypothesize that MyD 88 dependent factors are responsible for delayed and decreased TNF alpha secretion in newborn monocytes . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we used experimental Listeria monocytogenes infection of mice to analyze requirements for TLR 2 , TLR 4 and the central TLR adaptor protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) in the generation of specific T cell responses . ^^^ We demonstrate that following L . monocytogenes infection , mice deficient in TLR 2 , TLR 4 and MyD 88 can generate Listeria specific CD8+ and CD4+ Th 1 responses . ^^^ Thus , TLR 2 , TLR 4 and MyD 88 dependent signals are not essential for the generation of CD4+ Th 1 and CD8+ T cells , and T cells can protect mice against infection in the absence of these signals . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It was found that 1 ) the MyD 88 dependent pathway is required for resistance to both fungi ; 2 ) the involvement of the MyD 88 adapter may occur through signaling by distinct members of the IL 1R / TLR superfamily , including IL 1R , TLR 2 , TLR 4 , and TLR 9 , with the proportional role of the individual receptors varying depending on fungal species , fungal morphotypes , and route of infection ; 3 ) individual TLRs and IL 1R activate specialized antifungal effector functions on neutrophils , which correlates with susceptibility to infection ; and 4 ) MyD 88 dependent signaling on dendritic cells is crucial for priming antifungal Th 1 responses . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show here that the membrane bound form of ST 2 negatively regulated type 1 interleukin 1 receptor ( IL 1RI ) and Toll like receptor 4 ( TLR 4 ) but not TLR 3 signaling by sequestrating the adaptors MyD 88 and Mal . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MyD 88 is common to all TLR mediated pathways , which lead to the production of inflammatory cytokines , whereas TRIF mediates induction of IFN beta in TLR 3 and TLR 4 signaling pathways . ^^^ TIRAP / Mal is implicated in the TLR 2 and TLR 4 mediated MyD 88 dependent signaling pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This activation is dependent on the presence of Toll like receptor ( TLR ) 2 and mediated through the adaptor protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) , but independent of either TLR 4 or TLR 6 recognition . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Upon activation by LPS recognition , the TIR domain of TLR 4 signals through MyD 88 to activate the nuclear factor kappa B ( NF kappa B ) pathway , a critical regulator of many proinflammatory genes , including interleukin 8 ( IL 8 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In fact Btk is activated by LPS and has been shown to directly bind TLR 4 and the key proximal signalling proteins involved in LPS induced NFkappaB activation , MyD 88 , Mal and IRAK 1 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Proximal post receptor signaling proteins that are altered in tolerance include augmented degradation of interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase ( IRAK ) , and decreased TLR 4 myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) and IRAK MyD 88 association . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The recently identified adaptor molecules Trif and Tram , unlike their counterparts MyD 88 and MAL / Tirap , induce type 1 IFN via the TLR 4 signaling pathway , whereas Trif appears to be the sole adaptor molecule involved in TLR 3 signaling , resulting in subsequent production of type 1 IFN . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Reduced accumulation of IFN alpha and IFN gamma mRNA was also observed in TLR 4 ( / ) and MyD 88 ( / ) infected cells . ^^^ Surprisingly , infection induced NF kappaB activation as well as TNF alpha , IL 1 , or IL 6 mRNA expression were all normal in TLR 4 ( / ) and MyD 88 ( / ) cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Frontline : control of Anaplasma phagocytophilum , an obligate intracellular pathogen , in the absence of inducible nitric oxide synthase , phagocyte NADPH oxidase , tumor necrosis factor , Toll like receptor ( TLR ) 2 and TLR 4 , or the TLR adaptor molecule MyD 88 . ^^^ Here , we used mice deficient for Toll like receptor ( TLR ) 2 and TLR 4 , MyD 88 , tumor necrosis factor , inducible nitric oxide synthase , or phagocyte NADPH oxidase ( gp 91 ( phox / ) ) to define the pathways that are critical for the recognition and the killing of this pathogen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
An obligate intracellular bacterium , the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis , apparently defies this dogma : in a mouse model of infection , Anaplasma phagocytophilum is controlled by specific lymphocyte immunity even in the absence of Toll like receptor ( TLR ) 2 , TLR 4 , the TLR adaptor protein MyD 88 , inducible nitric oxide synthase or the gp 91 component of the NADPH oxidase complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Toll interleukin 1 receptor domain containing adapter Mal ( MyD 88 adapter like protein ) is involved in Toll like receptor ( TLR ) 2 and TLR 4 signal transduction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In these studies , mice deficient in CD 14 , TLR 2 , TLR 4 , and the TLR associated adaptor protein , MyD 88 , were utilized to investigate the contribution of TLRs and CD 14 to in vivo host defenses against C . neoformans . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Similarly , apoptosis provoked by treatment of macrophages with the TLR 4 agonist LPS in the presence of a proteasome inhibitor was inhibited in TRIF defective , but not in MyD 88 negative , cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of both TLR 3 and TLR 4 , however , can engage signaling events independent of MyD 88 expression . ^^^ These expression profiling studies redefine the current dogma of TLR 4 signaling and establish that MyD 88 , although essential for some of the best characterized macrophage responses to LPS , is not required for the regulation of the majority of genes engaged by macrophage exposure to endotoxin or live bacteria . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Taken together , our results indicate that the MyD 88 dependent pathway is essential for the development of early host responses to P . aeruginosa infection , leading to the clearance of this bacterium , and that TLR 2 and TLR 4 are involved in this process . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
It also increased the amounts of mRNA for CD 14 , MD 2 , and MyD 88 , which are needed for LPS recognition in concert with TLR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We have recently demonstrated that the membrane bound form of ST 2 ( ST2L ) negatively regulated IL 1RI and TLR 4 but not TLR 3 signaling by sequestrating the adaptors MyD 88 and Mal . ^^^ Thus , ST 2 suppresses IL 1R and TLR 4 signaling via MyD 88 and Mal dependent pathways and modulates innate immunity . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cutting edge : TLR 4 activation mediates liver ischemia / reperfusion inflammatory response via IFN regulatory factor 3 dependent MyD 88 independent pathway . ^^^ Our results show that IFN regulatory factor 3 , but not MyD 88 , mediated IRI induced TLR 4 activation leading to liver inflammation and hepatocellular damage . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , each TLR appears to possess a distinctive ability to activate DCs or PBMCs , suggesting that TLR mediated responses can not be simply cataloged as resembling either TLR 2 ( MyD 88 dependent ) or TLR 4 ( MyD 88 independent ) and that other signaling modalities may exist . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MEFs from mice with targeted deletions of TLR 2 , TLR 4 and MyD 88 demonstrated profound defects in their IL 6 response to their specific ligands , consistent with studies of macrophages and tissues from adult knockout animals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TLR 2 and TLR 4 , acting via the adapter protein MyD 88 , signal responses to Cryptococcus neoformans , Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans in vitro , although the relative significance of these TLRs to host defenses in vivo is unclear . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MyD 88 is a common adaptor that is essential for proinflammatory cytokine production , whereas TRIF mediates the MyD 88 independent pathway from TLR 3 and TLR 4 that is responsible for type 1 interferon production in response to double stranded RNA and LPS , respectively . ^^^ TIRAP specifically participates in the MyD 88 dependent pathways shared by TLR 2 and TLR 4 , and TRAM is essential for the TLR 4 mediated MyD 88 independent pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We now demonstrate that ES 62 mediated , low level IL 12 and TNF alpha production by macrophages and dendritic cells is abrogated in MyD 88 and TLR 4 , but not TLR 2 , knockout , mice implicating TLR 4 in the recognition of ES 62 by these cells and MyD 88 in the transduction of the resulting intracellular signals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although MyD 88 and Mal / TIRAP adapters function downstream of TLR 4 , they barely induce IFN beta . ^^^ TICAM 1 is the functional adapter for both TLR 3 and TLR 4 that induces type 1 IFN and MyD 88 independent DC maturation . ^^^ Our results reveal the details of MyD 88 independent pathways which separately recruit the distinct adapters downstream of TLR 3 and TLR 4 and variations of the TLR output are in part regulated by the two additional adapters in DCs . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transforming growth factor beta differentially inhibits MyD 88 dependent , but not TRAM and TRIF dependent , lipopolysaccharide induced TLR 4 signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Such responses were severely impaired in TLR 9 / and myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) / , but not in TLR 2 , TLR 4 , TLR 7 , or Toll / interleukin 1 receptor domain containing adaptor inducing interferon beta / mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Activation of toll like receptor ( TLR ) 2 , TLR 4 , and TLR 9 in the mammalian cornea induces MyD 88 dependent corneal inflammation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TLR 4 activates intracellular signaling pathways via TIR domain containing adaptor molecules , MyD 88 , and Toll / IL 1 domain containing adaptor inducing IFN beta ( TRIF ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
SHIP 1 specific RNA interfering and SHIP 1 overexpression experiments demonstrate that SHIP 1 inhibits LPS induced tumor necrosis factor alpha ( TNF alpha ) and interleukin 6 ( IL 6 ) production by negatively regulating the LPS induced combination between TLR 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) ; activation of Ras ( p 21 ( ras ) protein ) , PI 3K , extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 / 2 ( ERK1 / 2 ) , p 38 , and c Jun NH 2 terminal kinase ( JNK ) ; and degradation of IkappaB alpha . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MyD 88 and TLR 2 , but not TLR 4 , are required for host defense against Cryptococcus neoformans . ^^^ In conclusion , our data indicate that TLR 2 and MyD 88 , but not TLR 4 , critically contribute to anti cryptococcal defenses through the induction of increased TNF alpha , IL 12 and IFN gamma expression . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Recent studies have shown that TLR 4 also signals independently of MyD 88 , resulting in the activation of IFN regulatory factor 3 ( IRF 3 ) , a transcription factor required for the production of primary antiviral response genes such as IFN beta . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette Guerin infection of human neutrophils induces CXCL 8 secretion by MyD 88 dependent TLR 2 and TLR 4 activation . ^^^ BCG induced transcription and secretion of the chemokine CXCL 8 , by signalling through Toll like receptors TLR 2 and TLR 4 , in conjunction with the adaptor protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although LPS is a TLR 4 ligand , the gram positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus ( SA ) is a TLR 2 ligand , and group B streptococci ( GBS ) are neither TLR 2 nor TLR 4 ligands but are MyD 88 dependent . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TLR 4 / and MyD 88 / mice and littermate controls were given 2 . 5 % dextran sodium sulfate ( DSS ) for 5 or 7 days followed by a 7 day recovery . ^^^ Mesenteric lymph nodes from TLR 4 / and MyD 88 / mice more frequently grew gram negative bacteria . ^^^ Altered neutrophil recruitment was due to diminished macrophage inflammatory protein 2 expression by lamina propria macrophages in TLR 4 / and MyD 88 / mice . ^^^ The similarity in crypt epithelial damage between TLR 4 / or MyD 88 / and wild type mice was seen despite decreased epithelial proliferation in knockout mice . ^^^ TLR 4 through the adapter molecule MyD 88 is important in intestinal response to injury and in limiting bacterial translocation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
M . tuberculosis HSP 70 OVA fusion protein enhanced cross processing by a CD 91 dependent process that was independent of TLR 4 and MyD 88 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TLR 4 mediated microglial apoptosis was mediated by MyD 88 and Toll / IL 1R domain containing adaptor inducing IFN beta , and was associated with caspase 11 and 3 activation rather than Fas associated death domain protein / caspase 8 pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This was paralleled by enhanced transcript levels of TLR 4 and Myd 88 in patients with UA and AMI ( P < 0 . 0001 ) and increased expression of IL 12 ( UA 35 . 5+ / 7 . 8 , AMI 31 . 8+ / 7 . 7 versus SA 2 . 2+ / 0 . 5 , controls 2 . 1+ / 0 . 3 pg / mL ; P < 0 . 0002 ) and B 7 1 ( UA 27 . 3+ / 14 . 4 , AMI 22 . 6+ / 11 . 1 versus SA 3 . 4+ / 2 . 5 , controls 2 . 4+ / 2 . 3 % ; P < 0 . 0001 ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus HPV 16 L1 VLP directly activate B cells to induce CD 4 ( + ) T cell independent humoral immune responses via TLR 4 and MyD 88 dependent signaling . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Chlamydia trachomatis induces expression of IFN gamma inducible protein 10 and IFN beta independent of TLR 2 and TLR 4 , but largely dependent on MyD 88 . ^^^ However , we found that levels of IP 10 in genital tract secretions of Chlamydia trachomatis infected female wild type mice were similar to those of infected TLR 2 and TLR 4 deficient mice but significantly greater than those of infected MyD 88 deficient mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
LPS ( TLR 4 ) mediated gene expression , as well as MAPK and transcription factor activation associated with both MyD 88 dependent and independent signaling pathways , were disrupted by all four BPs ( TRAM approximately MyD 88 > TRIF > TIRAP ) , but not by a control peptide . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A critical role in the mtDNA damage was determined for TLR 4 mediated iNOS transcription through the MyD 88 pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TLR 4 and Toll IL 1 receptor domain containing adapter inducing IFN beta , but not MyD 88 , regulate Escherichia coli induced dendritic cell maturation and apoptosis in vivo . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Induction of Nod 2 mRNA expression by LPS but not by TNF alpha in osteoblasts was dependent on TLR 4 and MyD 88 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We found that during infection of macrophages , Brucella avoids activation of TLR 4 at 6 h but activates TLR 4 , TLR 2 , and myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) at 24 h postinfection . ^^^ Interestingly , even though its activation is delayed , MyD 88 is important for host defense against Brucella infection in vivo , since MyD 88 ( / ) mice do not clear the bacteria as efficiently as wild type , TLR 4 ( / ) , TLR 2 ( / ) , or TLR4 / TLR2 ( / ) mice . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mutant mice lacking functional TLR 4 or myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) , an adaptor molecule of TLR 4 signaling , were resistant to this arthritis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Specific inhibition of MyD 88 independent signaling pathways of TLR 3 and TLR 4 by resveratrol : molecular targets are TBK 1 and RIP 1 in TRIF complex . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
METHODS : TLR 2 deficient ( TLR 2 ( / ) ) , MyD 88 ( / ) , Jalpha 281 ( / ) , gld / gld , and lpr / lpr mice , all of which have a C57BL / 6 background , and C3H / HeN and TLR 4 mutated C3H / HeJ mice were subjected to bile duct ligation ( BDL ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To define primary determinants of cellular recognition , uptake , and inflammatory responses to MSU crystals , we conducted a study to test the role of Toll like receptor 2 ( TLR 2 ) , TLR 4 , and the cytosolic TLR adapter protein myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) , which are centrally involved in innate immune recognition of microbial pathogens . ^^^ METHODS : We isolated bone marrow derived macrophages ( BMDMs ) in TLR 2 / , TLR 4 / , MyD 88 / , and congenic wild type mice , and assessed phagocytosis and cytokine expression in response to endotoxin free MSU crystals under serum free conditions . ^^^ RESULTS : TLR 2 / , TLR 4 / , and MyD 88 / BMDMs demonstrated impaired uptake of MSU crystals in vitro . ^^^ MSU crystal induced production of interleukin 1beta ( IL 1beta ) , tumor necrosis factor alpha , keratinocyte derived cytokine / growth related oncogene alpha , and transforming growth factor beta 1 also were significantly suppressed in TLR 2 / and TLR 4 / BMDMs and were blunted in MyD 88 / BMDMs in vitro . ^^^ Neutrophil influx and local induction of IL 1beta in subcutaneous air pouches were suppressed 6 hours after injection of MSU crystals in TLR 2 / and TLR 4 / mice and were attenuated in MyD 88 / mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of HSP 60 were found to be largely dependent on TLR 4 and MyD 88 signaling ; B cells from TLR 4 mutant mice or from MyD 88 knockout mice showed decreased responses to HSP 60 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Furthermore , activation of the TLR 4 signaling pathway by LPS regulated cPLA ( 2 ) activation and lipid release . cPLA ( 2 ) phosphorylation and cPLA ( 2 ) hydrolyzed lipid release were significantly impaired when TLR 4 adaptor protein , either MyD 88 or TRIF , was knocked down in LPS stimulated macrophages . ^^^ These findings suggest that , in LPS induced inflammation , the TLR 4 mediated MyD 88 and TRIF dependent MAPK pathways result in cPLA ( 2 ) activation and production of pro inflammatory lipid mediators . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The TLR 2 and TLR 4 mRNA and protein expression , TLR signaling pathway ( MYD 88 , NF kappaB and AP 1 ) , putative TLR ligand ( heat shock protein 70 [ HSP 70 ] ) , and maturation of dendritic cells were evaluated in CsA treated rat kidneys . ^^^ RESULTS : Long term CsA treatment upregulated TLR 2 and TLR 4 mRNA and protein expression on renal tubular cells , and these were accompanied by increased MYD 88 , NF kappaB and AP 1 expression . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also assessed the effect of over expressing wild type and / or mutant TLR 4 , MyD 88 and / or Mal transgenes on LPS induced HBD 2 expression in these cells . ^^^ These effects are blocked by a TLR 4 neutralizing antibody or functionally inactive TLR 4 , MyD 88 and / or Mal transgenes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The MyD 88 dependent , but not the MyD 88 independent , pathway of TLR 4 signaling is important in clearing nontypeable haemophilus influenzae from the mouse lung . ^^^ Triggering of TLR 4 results in the activation of two distinct intracellular pathways , one that relies on the common TLR adaptor MyD 88 and one that is mediated by Toll / IL 1R domain containing adaptor inducing IFN beta ( TRIF ) . ^^^ These data suggest that the MyD 88 dependent pathway of TLR 4 is important for an effective innate immune response to respiratory tract infection caused by NTHi . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In the present study , we examined the role of TLR 2 , TLR 4 , and MyD 88 in the response to B . anthracis . ^^^ In vivo studies revealed that TLR 2 / mice and TLR 4 deficient mice were resistant to challenge with aerosolized Sterne strain spores but MyD 88 / mice were as susceptible as A / J mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Myd 88 ( / ) and Tlr 4 ( / ) Tlr 2 ( / ) mice showed impaired transepithelial migration of inflammatory cells but decreased survival and enhanced epithelial cell apoptosis after lung injury . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mice deficient in MyD 88 , TLR 2 , TLR 4 , or TLR 9 were immunized with the retinal Ag interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein in CFA , and their EAU scores and associated immunological responses were examined . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
LPS activates the B 1 cell response just 1 day later , and depends on CD1d , iNKT cells , IL 4 , TLR 4 , and MyD 88 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Intraperitoneal injection of LCCWE produced severe focal coronary arteritis in TLR 4 ( / ) and C57BL / 6 control mice but not in TLR 2 ( / ) or MyD 88 ( / ) mice . ^^^ Collectively , these results indicate that LCCWE is a potent inducer of nuclear factor kappaB via TLR 2 but not TLR 4 and that this activation proceeds via the MyD 88 dependent signaling pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Transfection of cholangiocytes with dominant negative mutants of TLR 2 and TLR 4 , as well as the adaptor molecule myeloid differentiation protein 88 ( MyD 88 ) , inhibited C . parvum induced activation of IL 1R associated kinase , p 38 , and NF kappaB . ^^^ Short interfering RNA to TLR 2 , TLR 4 , and MyD 88 also blocked C . parvum induced NF kappaB activation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The effects of VIP on basal or TNF alpha or lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) induced TLR 2 , TLR 4 and MyD 88 expression and its effects on TLR 4 mediated CCL 2 and CXCL 8 chemokine production were studied by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction , western blotting and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay . ^^^ RESULTS : TLR 2 , TLR 4 and MyD 88 mRNA expression was increased in RA FLS compared with OA FLS . ^^^ TLR 4 and MyD 88 mRNA and proteins were induced by LPS and TNF alpha in RA FLS . ^^^ VIP down regulated the induced but not the constitutive expression of TLR 4 and MyD 88 in RA FLS . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A previously uncharacterized gene , which we have named tlpA ( for TIR like protein A ) , was identified in the Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis genome that is predicted to encode a protein resembling mammalian TIR domains , We show that overexpression of TlpA in mammalian cells suppresses the ability of mammalian TIR containing proteins TLR 4 , IL 1 receptor , and MyD 88 to induce the transactivation and DNA binding activities of NF kappaB , a downstream target of the TIR signaling pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Epithelial TLR 4 signalling in vivo involved the glycosphingolipid receptors for P fimbriae and the adaptor proteins Toll / IL 1R ( TIR ) domain containing adaptor inducing IFN beta ( TRIF ) / TRIF related adaptor molecule ( TRAM ) , but myeloid differentiation protein 88 ( MyD 88 ) / TIR domain containing adaptor protein were not required for the epithelial response . ^^^ Substituting the P fimbriae with type 1 fimbriae changed TLR 4 signalling from the TRIF to the MyD 88 adaptor pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Among 196 individual clones isolated , 48 expressed TLR 4 on the cell surface but did not respond to LPS due to a deletion in the MyD 88 gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of this study was to assess the role of TLR 2 , TLR 4 and MyD 88 accessory molecule in the effector and secretory response of macrophages to viable microbial agents . ^^^ Using TLR deleted macrophage cell lines generated from the bone marrow of genetically engineered mice ( TLR 4 gene deficient , MyD 88 and TLR 2 knockout mice ) and wild type control mice , we found that TLR 2 deleted macrophages exhibit increased ability to contain Candida albicans infection compared to TLR2+ / + counterpart . ^^^ In contrast , both MyD 88 / and TLR 4 / macrophages retain levels of functional activity comparable to that of the respective wild type MyD88+ / + and TLR4+ / + controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MyD 88 adapter like ( Mal ) is phosphorylated by Bruton ' s tyrosine kinase during TLR 2 and TLR 4 signal transduction . ^^^ MyD 88 adapter like ( Mal ) is one such adapter that specifically is involved in TLR 2 and TLR 4 signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Proinflammatory cytokine production in liver regeneration is Myd 88 dependent , but independent of Cd 14 , Tlr 2 , and Tlr 4 . ^^^ To determine whether LPS signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL 6 during the priming phase of liver regeneration , we performed PH on mice lacking the TLRs Tlr 4 and Tlr 2 , the LPS coreceptor , Cd 14 , and Myd 88 , an adapter protein involved in most TLR and IL 1R pathways . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The expression of Toll like receptor 2 ( TLR 2 ) protein was down regulated in BLP tolerant cells , whereas no significant differences in TLR 4 , MyD 88 , interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 4 ( IRAK 4 ) , and TNF receptor associated factor 6 expression were observed between nontolerant and BLP tolerant cells , as confirmed by Western blot analysis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of Toll like receptors ( TLRs ) , including TLR 2 , TLR 4 , and TLR 9 , as well as the adaptor molecule MyD 88 , was considerably reduced in peritoneal macrophages that were treated with ginsan before a subsequent contact with S . aureus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MyD 88 knockout ( KO ) mice , but not TLR 2 , TLR 4 or TLR 9 deficient mice , rapidly succumbed following in vivo bacterial infection via the intradermal route even with a very low dose of LVS ( 5 10 10 ( 1 ) ) that was 100 , 000 fold less than the LD ( 50 ) of normal wild type ( WT ) mice . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The objective of this study was to investigate the contribution of TLR 4 and MyD 88 to acute renal failure ( ARF ) induced by polymicrobial sepsis . ^^^ In summary , ARF induced by polymicrobial sepsis is dependent on MyD 88 , but not TLR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MD 2 , a TLR 4 co receptor , was increased in patients ' monocytes and T cells while CD 14 and MyD 88 were increased only in monocytes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Caspase inhibitors failed to prevent high MOI apoptosis , and macrophages deficient in caspase 3 , MyD 88 , or TLR 4 were equally susceptible as wild type . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
HSP70 stimulated DCs were demonstrated in Toll like receptor ( TLR ) 2 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) deficient but not TLR 4 deficient C57BL / 6 mice . ^^^ HSP70 stimulated DCs from WT , TLR 2 deficient , and MyD 88 deficient , but not TLR 4 deficient mice expressed IFN beta mRNA . ^^^ HSP70 stimulates murine DC maturation via TLR 4 through the MyD 88 independent signal transduction cascade . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The goal of this study was to clone and sequence the full length coding regions of bovine genes involved in TLR 4 signaling including CASP 8 , IRAK 1 , LY 96 ( MD 2 ) , TICAM 2 , TIRAP , TOLLIP and TRAF 6 and to position these genes , as well as MyD 88 and TICAM 1 , on the bovine genome using radiation hybrid mapping . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results imply that curcumin inhibits both MyD 88 and TRIF dependent pathways in LPS induced TLR 4 signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TLR 4 , TLR 9 and MyD 88 are not required for the positive selection of autoreactive B cells into the primary repertoire . ^^^ To explore this idea we generated hen egg lysozyme specific immunoglobulin ( Ig ( HEL ) ) and isotype class switching anti HEL mice deficient in MyD 88 , TLR 4 or TLR 9 signalling and studied B cell development and autoantibody secretion in the presence or absence of an intracellular form of self antigen HEL that positively selects B 1 cells . ^^^ Our findings show that TLR 4 , TLR 9 and MyD 88 are not required for the positive selection of autoreactive B cells in the primary B cell repertoire , nor is MyD 88 required for the generation of isotype switched antibodies in the absence of antigen . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our data demonstrate that cytokine production by bone marrow derived macrophages ( BMMs ) in response to L . pneumophila infection requires the TLR adapter protein MyD 88 and is reduced in the absence of TLR 2 but not in the absence of TLR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we demonstrate that TIRAP and MyD 88 have distinct functions and describe a mechanism of recruitment of TIRAP and MyD 88 to TLR 4 . ^^^ TIRAP then functions to facilitate MyD 88 delivery to activated TLR 4 to initiate signal transduction . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This binding recruits a key adaptor MyD 88 to TLR 4 , suggesting that there is crosstalk between the TLR signaling pathway and phospholipid metabolism . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This stimulation was dependent on TLR 2 and myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 ( MyD 88 ) but not TLR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
TIRAP ( Toll / IL 1R domain containing adaptor protein ) is an adaptor in TLR 1 , TLR 2 , TLR 4 , and TLR 6 signaling , whereas MyD 88 is an adaptor for all TLRs . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The mechanism of BMFE mediated macrophage tolerance was dependent on MyD 88 and TLR 2 but not TLR 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
However , these responses did not require TLR 2 , TLR 4 , or MYD 88 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
In primary macrophages from knockout mice , HMGB 1 activates significantly less TNF release in cells obtained from MyD 88 and TLR 4 knockout mice as compared with cells from TLR 2 knockout and wild type controls . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expressions of Tlr 2 , Tlr 4 and Myd 88 were also upregulated in the inflamed colonic region , and in an in situ hybridization study , a positive signal for Card15 / Nod2 was observed in the crypt of the epithelial cell layer and in the infiltrated cells of the submucosal and myenteric regions . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The current study examined the role of TLR 2 , TLR 4 , and TLR 9 and the common adaptor molecule myeloid differentiation factor 88 ( MyD 88 ) in a Staphylococcus aureus model of corneal inflammation . ^^^ The corneal epithelia of C57BL / 6 , TLR 2 ( / ) , TLR 4 ( / ) , TLR 9 ( / ) , and MyD 88 ( / ) mice were abraded using a trephine and epithelial brush and were exposed to heat or UV inactivated S . aureus clinical strain 8325 4 and other clinical isolates . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Our investigations revealed that immunocompetent TLR 2 , TLR 4 , and MyD 88 knockout mice were not more susceptible to invasive aspergillosis as compared with wild type mice and that the in vitro phosphorylation of the MAPKs ERK and p 38 was not affected in TLR 2 , TLR 4 , or MyD 88 knockout mice following stimulation with conidia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using these cells , we now show that LITAF expression can be induced after challenge either with LPS from Porphyromonas gingivalis via agonism at TLR 2 , or with LPS from Escherichia coli via agonism at TLR 4 , both requiring functional MyD 88 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Using primary cultures of microdissected Lps ( n ) MCDs that expressed TLR 4 and its accessory molecules MD 2 , MyD 88 , and CD 14 , we also show that UPECs stimulated both a TLR 4 mediated , MyD 88 dependent , TIR domain containing adaptor inducing IFN beta independent pathway and a TLR 4 independent pathway , leading to bipolarized secretion of MIP 2 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Interestingly , many aa residues conserved among the insect Toll like cytoplasmic domains are also conserved in mammalian and avian type 1 interleukin 1 receptors and the hypothetical product of a transcript , MyD 88 , found in murine myeloid cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Macrophage differentiation marker MyD 88 is a member of the Toll / IL 1 receptor family . ^^^ Here , 1 demonstrate that the open reading frame of MyD 88 , a gene induced in myeloid differentiation , is related to the cytoplasmic domains of the interleukin 1 receptor and the Toll gene product . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The MyD 88 protein has a modular structure composed of an N terminal ' death domain ' ( DD ) similar to the intracellular segments of TNF receptor 1 ( TNFR 1 ) and FAS and a C terminal region related to the signaling domains of vertebrate interleukin 1 receptors ( IL 1R ) and the Drosophila morphogen Toll . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Subsequent analysis revealed that MyD 88 possesses a unique modular structure , which consists of an N terminal `` death domain , ' ' similar to the intracellular segments of TNF receptor 1 and Fas , and a C terminal region related to the cytoplasmic domains of the Drosophila morphogen Toll and vertebrate interleukin 1 receptors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , MyD 88 plays the same role in IL 1 signaling as TRADD and Tube do in TNF and Toll pathways , respectively : it couples a serine / threonine protein kinase to the receptor complex . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Structure prediction of the aligned Toll homology domains from varied insect and human TLRs , vertebrate interleukin 1 receptors and MyD 88 factors , and plant disease resistance proteins recognizes a parallel beta / alpha fold with an acidic active site ; a similar structure notably recurs in a class of response regulators broadly involved in transducing sensory information in bacteria . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MyD 88 has a modular organization , an N terminal death domain ( DD ) related to the cytoplasmic signaling domains found in many members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor ( TNF R ) superfamily , and a C terminal Toll domain similar to that found in the expanding family of Toll / interleukin 1 like receptors ( IL 1R ) . ^^^ This dual domain structure , together with the following observations , supports a role for MyD 88 as an adapter in IL 1 signal transduction ; MyD 88 forms homodimers in vivo through DD DD and Toll Toll interactions . ^^^ Overexpression of MyD 88 lpr or MyD 88 Toll ( expressing only the Toll domain ) acted to inhibit IL 1 induced NF kappaB and JNK activation in a 293 cell line overexpressing the IL 1RI . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We now demonstrate that signaling by the human Toll receptor employs an adaptor protein , MyD 88 , and induces activation of NF kappaB via the Pelle like kinase IRAK and the TRAF 6 protein , similar to IL 1R mediated NF kappaB activation . ^^^ Finally , our findings implicate MyD 88 as a general adaptor / regulator molecule for the Toll / IL 1R family of receptors for innate immunity . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We show that overexpression of the Toll domain or the lpr mutant of MyD 88 in betaTc Tet cells decreased nuclear factor kappaB ( NF kappaB ) activation upon IL 1beta and IL 1beta / interferon ( IFN ) gamma stimulation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here , we report that recognition of CpG DNA requires MyD 88 , an adaptor protein involved in signal transduction by the Toll like receptors ( TLRs ) , essential components of innate immune recognition in both Drosophila and mammals [ 1 , 2 ] . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Toll / IL 1 receptor binding protein MyD 88 is required for Xenopus axis formation . ^^^ Here we report the cloning of Xenopus MyD 88 ( XMyD 88 ) , whose mammalian homologs are adaptor proteins linking Toll / IL 1 receptors and IRAK kinases . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
These results show that different TLRs recognize different microbial cell wall components , and that MyD 88 is an essential signalling molecule shared among interleukin 1 receptor / Toll family members . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Drosophila MyD 88 is an adapter in the Toll signaling pathway . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Experiments in cultured cells reveal that the fly orthologue of the adaptor protein MyD 88 is essential for signal transduction from Toll to a second adaptor protein , Tube . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MyD 88 is an adapter protein in the signal transduction pathway mediated by interleukin 1 ( IL 1 ) and Toll like receptors . ^^^ A Drosophila homologue of MyD 88 ( DmMyD 88 ) was recently shown to be required for the Toll mediated immune response . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Because of the similarity in their cytoplasmic domains , IL 1 / Toll receptors share signaling components that associate with the IL 1 receptor , including IL 1 receptor associated kinase ( IRAK ) , MyD 88 , and TRAF 6 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The signaling cascade from agonist occupied TLRs and IL 1Rs involves recruitment of the small cytosolic adapter protein MyD 88 that binds to IL 1RI via homotypic interactions mediated by Toll / IL 1R / resistance ( TIR ) domains . ^^^ Dominant negative forms and null mutations of MyD 88 have recently been shown to preclude bacterial product or IL 1 mediated activation of NF kappaB pathways , demonstrating that MyD 88 is an essential component of the Toll receptor signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MyD 88 is essential for clearance of Leishmania major : possible role for lipophosphoglycan and Toll like receptor 2 signaling . ^^^ We observed that mice lacking the Toll like receptor ( TLR ) pathway adaptor protein MyD 88 were more susceptible to infection with L . major than wild type C57BL / 6 mice , demonstrating a central role for this innate immune recognition pathway in control of infection , and suggesting that L . major possesses a ligand for TLR . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The transmembrane receptor Toll acts through three death domain containing proteins , the kinase Pelle and the adapters Tube and MyD 88 , in signaling to downstream NF kappaB like transcription factors . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The ability of TIR family members to stabilize ARE containing mRNAs results from their differential use of signaling adaptors MyD 88 , MyD 88 adaptor like protein , Toll receptor IFN inducing factor ( Trif ) , and Trif related adaptor molecule . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A group of TIR domain containing adaptors ( MyD 88 , TIRAP , TRIF and TRAM ) , are differentially recruited to the Toll IL 1 receptors , contributing to the specificity of signaling . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Although we were unable to identify a specific ligand for TLR 10 , by using a recombinant CD4TLR10 molecule we also demonstrated that TLR 10 directly associates with MyD 88 , the common Toll IL 1 receptor domain adapter . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MyD 88 ( toll receptor associated adapter ) , IL 1 receptor ( IL1R ) 1 , and TNF alpha receptor ( TNFR ) 1 were expressed in columnar and basal cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
MyD 88 beyond Toll . ^^^
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA
Interacting proteins: O00206 and Q99836	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
NA