Pubmed abstracts for Protein-Protein Interaction search result :

Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.55613919
DAZ encodes a testis specific protein with RNA binding potential recently derived from a single copy gene DAZL 1 ( DAZ like ) on chromosome 3 . 0.55613919^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Unlike human DAZ , which is Y linked , in mouse the Dazh ( DAZ homolog ) gene maps to chromosome 17 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This gene , Dazla ( Daz like , autosomal ) , is autosomal , located on chromosome 17 and apparently single copy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report multiple copies of DAZ ( > 99 % identical in DNA sequence ) clustered in the AZF region and a functional DAZ homologue ( DAZH ) on human chromosome 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DAZ ( Deleted in AZoospermia ) and DAZLA ( DAZ like autosomal ) genes may be determinants of male infertility . ^^^ Instead , a Dazla gene was isolated from mouse chromosome 17 and has been considered to be a murine homologue of DAZ . ^^^ However , the homology between human DAZ and mouse Dazla is not strong , and Dazla contains only one of the seven DAZ repeats found in DAZ . ^^^ We report the isolation of the human DAZLA gene by screening a human testis cDNA library with a DAZ cDNA clone . ^^^ DAZLA encodes only one DAZ repeat and shares high homology with the mouse Dazla , indicating that these two genes are homologues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sequence analysis shows that the human gene is part of the DAZ ( Deleted in Azoospermia ) family , represents the human homologue of the mouse Dazla and Drosophila boule genes , and is termed DAZLA . ^^^ Unlike DAZ , which has multiple DAZ repeats , DAZLA encodes a putative RNA binding protein with a single RNA binding motif and a single DAZ repeat . ^^^ DAZLA is more closely related to Dazla in the mouse than to the Y linked homologue DAZ ( 88 % identity overall with mouse Dazla compared to 76 % identity with the human DAZ protein sequence ) . ^^^ Southern blot analysis showed that DAZLA is autosomal in all mammals tested and that DAZ has been recently translocated to the Y chromosome , sometime after the divergence of Old World and New World primates . ^^^ To investigate the evolutionary relatedness of DAZLA and DAZ further , their partial genomic structures were obtained and compared . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For example , the Y linked fertility factor DAZ ( Deleted in Azoospermia ) appears to have arisen after the transposition and tandem amplification of the autosomal DAZH gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A gene on the human Y chromosome , specifically deleted in azoospermic patients ( DAZ : deleted in azoospermia ) , and a DAZ homologue ( DAZH ) on human chromosome 3 , have been recently described . ^^^ In the present work we report the isolation and characterization of the corresponding DAZH gene of the cynomolgus monkey ( Macaca fascicularis ) , which we have named cynDAZLA ( cynomolgus DAZ like autosomal ) . ^^^ DAZLA : a cynomolgus monkey homologue of the human autosomal DAZ gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DAZ / SPGY genes are particularly amenable to a knockout approach , as they are found on the Y chromosome in Old World primates and apes , but in other mammals , they are represented only by an autosomal gene , DAZLA , which is also present in Old World primates and apes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Downstream of it , a specific 130 bp sequence domain is present which is absent in DAZ and SPGY 1 but present in the mouse gene Dazla and in the Drosophila gene boule . ^^^ The data presented give strong evidence that not DAZ but SPGYLA is the functional human homologue of Dazla and boule . . ^^^ Comparison of the SPGYLA cDNA sequence with the cDNA sequences of DAZ and SPGY 1 revealed two prominent differences . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DAZLA ( DAZ Like Autosomal ) gene on human chromosome 3 shares a high degree of homology with the DAZ ( Deleted in AZoospermia ) gene family on the Y chromosome , a gene family frequently deleted in males with azoospermia or severe oligospermia . ^^^ The involvement of both DAZ and DAZLA in spermatogenesis is suggested by their testis specific expression and their homology with a Drosophila male infertility gene , boule . ^^^ Whereas male infertility resulting from deletion of the DAZ genes on the Y chromosome occurs sporadically , that due to a defective DAZLA gene is expected to be inheritable . ^^^ The exon / intron boundaries are conserved between DAZ and DAZLA . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This RNA , Xdazl ( Xenopus DAZ like ) , encodes a protein homologous to human DAZ ( Deleted in Azoospermia ) , vertebrate DAZL and Drosophila Boule proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The autosomal homologs of the human Y chromosomal DAZ gene ( DAZH and Dazh in human and mouse , respectively ) are strong candidate for Azoospermia factor and encode a testis specific RNA binding proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A comparison of autosomal DAZL 1 and Y linked DAZ intron sequences gave a new figure for male to female mutation rates of alpham = 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of DAZ ( deleted in azoospermia ) , DAZL 1 ( DAZ like ) and protamine 2 in testis and its application for diagnosis of spermatogenesis in non obstructive azoospermia . ^^^ In this study , we have detected the expression of the deleted in azoospermia ( DAZ ) , the DAZ like autosome ( DAZL 1 ) , and the protamine 2 genes in spermatogenic cells . ^^^ After microscopic observation of the wet preparation of the testis tissues , seminiferous tubule contents were used for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) analysis of DAZ , DAZL 1 and protamine 2 . ^^^ In 13 patients with spermatozoa under the wet preparation , the expression of DAZ , DAZL 1 and protamine 2 was detected in all the preparations . ^^^ In one wet preparation showing only spermatogonia / spermatocyte , only DAZ and DAZL 1 RNA were detected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Drosophila boule gene is expressed exclusively in the male germline and encodes an RNA binding protein closely related to the mammalian fertility factors encoded by the DAZ ( Deleted in Azoospermia ) and DAZL ( DAZ like ) genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
According to the current evolutionary model , the DAZ cluster derived from the autosomal homolog DAZL 1 through duplications and rearrangements and is confined to Old World monkeys , apes and humans . ^^^ To study functional and evolutionary aspects of this gene family we have isolated from a cynomolgus ( Old World ) monkey testis cDNA library the Y chromosomal cynDAZ and the autosomal cynDAZL 1 cDNA . cynDAZL 1 contains one DAZ repeat and displays high homology to human DAZL 1 . cynDAZ comprises 11 repeats , each consisting of exons 7 and 8 , whereas the human DAZ cDNA repeat units contain predominantly exon 7 . ^^^ In contrast , in the marmoset monkey , an animal lacking DAZ , DAZL 1 protein was only expressed in late spermatocytes and early spermatids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human DAZ ( Deleted in AZoospermia ) gene family contains a cluster of DAZ genes on the Y chromosome and a single autosomal homologue , DAZL 1 ( DAZ Like ) that maps to chromosome 3p24 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We mimicked human deletions of RBM and DAZ in the mouse by crossing male mice with a deleted Y chromosome with a reduced number of Rbm genes ( Y ( d 1 ) ) to heterozygote Dazl 1 null female mice to study the interaction of the Dazl 1 and Rbm or other genes located in the Y ( d 1 ) deletion interval . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both Xdazl and boule are related to the human DAZ and DAZL , and murine Dazl genes , which are also involved in gamete differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Y chromosomal DAZ ( deleted in azoospermia ) gene and the autosomal Dazl ( deleted in azoospermia like ) gene are two crucial factors for the achievement and maintenance of spermatogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The experiment consists of amplifying simultaneously exon 4 of the DAZ and DAZLA genes with the use of specific primers that are complementary to intronic sequences of these genes . ^^^ Compared with the classic PCR approach , this new method allows the amplification of the DAZLA copy to be used as an effective internal control in infertile men with microdeletion of the DAZ locus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human DAZL 1 gene ( known also as DAZH or DAZLA ) is the autosomal homologue of the Y chromosomal DAZ gene which has been found to be deleted in azoospermic males . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One possible explanation for this could be that the DAZ protein is responsible for the nuclear localization of DAZL in human males . ^^^ We have tested this hypothesis by examining the testis of marmosets , which lack the Daz genes and have found that the DAZL protein is both nuclear and cytoplasmic in spermatogonia , and by analyzing testis sections from DAZ deleted patients in whom the cytoplasmic location of DAZL is evident in remaining germ cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DAZ is an RNA binding protein encoded by a region on the Y chromosome implicated in infertility , and DAZ like ( Dazl ) proteins are master regulators of germ line gene expression in all animals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DAZ and an autosomal DAZ like gene , DAZL 1 , are expressed in germ cells only . ^^^ They encode proteins with an RNA recognition motif and with either a single copy ( in DAZL 1 ) or multiple copies ( in DAZ ) of a DAZ repeat . ^^^ A role for DAZL 1 and DAZ in spermatogenesis is supported by their homology to a Drosophila male infertility protein Boule and by sterility of Dazl 1 knock out mice . ^^^ We found that DAZL 1 and DAZ bound similarly to various RNA homopolymers in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identification of two novel proteins that interact with germ cell specific RNA binding proteins DAZ and DAZL 1 . ^^^ The human DAZ ( deleted in azoospermia ) gene family on the Y chromosome and an autosomal DAZ like gene , DAZL 1 , encode RNA binding proteins that are expressed exclusively in germ cells . ^^^ While all mammals contain a DAZL 1 homologue on their autosomes , DAZ homologues are present only on the Y chromosomes of great apes and Old World monkeys . ^^^ The DAZ and DAZL 1 proteins differ in the copy numbers of a DAZ repeat and the C terminal sequences . ^^^ We studied the interaction of DAZ and DAZL 1 with other proteins as an approach to investigate functional similarity between these two proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mice with a null allele for Dazl 1 , the mouse homologue of DAZ , are infertile due to a meiotic entry defect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human DAZ gene family is expressed in germ cells and consists of a cluster of nearly identical DAZ ( deleted in azoospermia ) genes on the Y chromosome and an autosomal homolog , DAZL ( DAZ like ) . ^^^ Y chromosome deletions that encompass the DAZ genes are a common cause of spermatogenic failure in men , and autosomal homologs of DAZ are essential for testicular germ cell development in mice and DROSOPHILA : Previous studies have reported that mouse DAZL protein is strictly cytoplasmic and that human DAZ protein is restricted to postmeiotic cells . ^^^ By contrast , we report here that human DAZ and human and mouse DAZL proteins are present in both the nuclei and cytoplasm of fetal gonocytes and in spermatogonial nuclei . ^^^ Further observations using human tissues indicate that , unlike DAZ , human DAZL protein persists in spermatids and even spermatozoa . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With the identification of this gene , it is clear that the human DAZ gene family contains at least three members : DAZ , a Y chromosome gene cluster that arose 30 40 million years ago and whose deletion is linked to infertility in men ; DAZL , the `` father ' ' of DAZ , a gene that maps to human chromosome 3 and has homologs required for both female and male germ cell development in other organisms ; and BOULE , a gene that we propose is the `` grandfather ' ' of DAZ and maps to human chromosome 2 . ^^^ In contrast , the previously identified human DAZ and DAZL are expressed much earlier than BOULE in prenatal germ stem cells and spermatogonia ; DAZL also is expressed in female germ cells . ^^^ These data suggest that homologs of the DAZ gene family can be grouped into two subfamilies ( BOULE and DAZL ) and that members of the DAZ family evolved from an ancestral meiotic regulator , Boule , to assume distinct , yet overlapping , functions in germ cell development . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of the mouse Dazap 1 gene encoding an RNA binding protein that interacts with infertility factors DAZ and DAZL . ^^^ In vitro , DAZAP 1 interacts with both the Y chromosome encoded DAZ and an autosome encoded DAZ like protein , DAZL . ^^^ To understand the biological function of DAZAP 1 and the significance of its interaction with DAZ and DAZL , we isolated and characterized the mouse Dazap 1 gene , and studied its expression and the subcellular localization of its protein product . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DAZ gene was derived from an autosomal homologue , DAZL ( DAZ Like ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DAZ like 1 ( DAZL 1 ) is a germ cell specific protein expressed in both male and female gonads . ^^^ The DAZL 1 gene , which maps to chromosome 3 in humans , is an autosomal homologue to the Deleted in AZoospermia ( DAZ ) gene ( s ) located on the Y chromosome . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Y chromosomal DAZ ( deleted in azoospermia ) and autosomal DAZ like ( DAZL ) comprise a gene family involved in gametogenesis . ^^^ We used transgenic mice carrying either human DAZL or human DAZ on a mouse Dazl null background to investigate the functions of the human homologues . ^^^ The presence of human DAZL resulted in a larger amount of early germ cells compared with that observed in DAZ . ^^^ These findings confirm that DAZL and DAZ can only substitute for early functions of the murine homologue resulting in the establishment of the germ cell population and partial progression into meiosis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A DAZ homolog , DAZL ( DAZ Like ) , is found in diverse organisms , including humans and is required for germ cell development in males and / or females . ^^^ We also show that PUM 2 is expressed predominantly in human embryonic stem cells and germ cells and colocalizes with DAZ and DAZL in germ cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Y microdeletion was analysed by PCR screening of STSs from different regions of the AZF ( AZFa , AZFb , AZFc ) on the long arm of the Y , as well as by using DNA probes of the genes RBM , DAZ ( Yq ) , DAZLA ( an autosomal homologue of DAZ ) and SRY ( Yp ; sex determining gene ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The autosomal gene DAZL is a member of a family of genes ( DAZL , DAZ , BOULE ) , all of which contain a consensus RNA binding domain and are expressed in germ cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine any possibly modifying influence of other genes involved in spermatogenesis , we analysed two polymorphisms of the DAZL gene , the autosomal homologue of the deleted DAZ gene . ^^^ DAZL and DAZ might be functionally related to each other . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
INTERVENTION ( S ) : The mRNA transcript concentrations of the DAZ family genes ( BOULE , DAZL , DAZ ) and the housekeeping GAPDH gene in the testes of azoospermic men were examined by quantitative competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( QC RT PCR ) . ^^^ MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE ( S ) : Transcript ratios ( gene / GAPDH ) of BOULE , DAZL , and DAZ . ^^^ RESULT ( S ) : The transcript ratios for BOULE , DAZL , and DAZ were significantly decreased in tissues with spermatogenic failure ( hypospermatogenesis , maturation arrest , and Sertoli cell only ) . ^^^ However , the ratios of BOULE / DAZL and DAZ / DAZL did not reveal any significant difference in all tissues . ^^^ Three patients with DAZ deletion possess lower transcripts of BOULE and DAZL . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Evidence from diverse organisms , including humans , suggests that the DAZ ( Deleted in Azoospermia ) gene and a closely related homolog , DAZL ( DAZ like ) , are required early in germ cell development to maintain initial germ cell populations . ^^^ The DZIP gene is expressed predominantly in human embryonic stem cells and fetal and adult germ cells ; moreover , two DZIP protein isoforms colocalize with DAZ and / or DAZL proteins in these tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Deleted in Azoospermia ( DAZ ) gene belongs to a gene family that consists of three members : BOULE , DAZ Like ( DAZL ) and DAZ . ^^^ DAZ and DAZL are expressed throughout most of the life of germ cells and are required for the development of primordial germ cells and the differentiation and maturation of the germ cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cydazl is a homologue of the human DAZ ( deleted in azoospermia ) , DAZL , and Xenopus dazl genes , which are involved in gametogenesis or germ cell specification . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : The human DAZ gene family includes two autosomal genes , BOULE and DAZL , and a Y chromosomal DAZ gene cluster . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DAZL is an autosomal homologue of the Y chromosomal DAZ ( deleted in azoospermia ) gene cluster and both are considered master regulators of spermatogenesis . ^^^ The aim of the present study was to screen ( 1 ) for mutations of the entire coding sequence of the DAZL gene in patients lacking of the DAZ gene cluster , in order to evaluate if DAZL polymorphisms may influence the AZFc deletion phenotype ; ( 2 ) for the two previously described ( and eventually newly identified ) single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) in a large group of infertile and normospermic men of Italian origin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DAZ family of genes ( consisting of homologues of BOULE , DAZL and DAZ ) encode highly conserved RNA binding proteins that are essential for gametogenesis in metazoans . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also show that BOL and PUM 2 can form a complex on a subset of PUM 2 RNA targets that is distinct from targets bound by PUM 2 and another deleted in azoospermia ( DAZ ) family member , DAZ like ( DAZL ) . ^^^ This data also suggests that although the BOL , DAZ , and DAZL proteins are all members of the same gene family , they may function in distinct molecular complexes during human germ cell development . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we demonstrate that members of this family , including Xdazl , mouse Dazl , human DAZL , human DAZ and human BOULE , have the ability to stimulate translation and function at the level of translation initiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DAZL ( DAZ like ) gene is suggested to be an ancestral gene of the DAZ ( deleted in azoospermia ) gene on the Y chromosome , which is a strong candidate for the azoospermic factor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , invertebrates such as flies and worms contain just a single DAZ homolog , boule , while genomes of vertebrates , other than catarrhine primates ( Old World monkeys and hominids ) , possess both Boule and Dazl genes . ^^^ Evolutionary comparison of the reproductive genes , DAZL and BOULE , in primates with and without DAZ . ^^^ Genes of the DAZ ( Deleted in AZoospermia ) gene family , DAZ , DAZL ( DAZ Like ) , and BOULE , encode closely related RNA binding proteins that are required for fertility in numerous organisms , yet the genomes of different organisms possess different complements of DAZ family genes . ^^^ Finally , catarrhine primates possess BOULE , DAZL , and DAZ genes . ^^^ Based on previous results , we hypothesized that the introduction of a new member of the DAZ gene family into catarrhines could reduce functional constraint on DAZL . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The autosomal DAZL ( Deleted in Azoospermic Like ) gene , mapped to the short arm of the human chromosome 3 , is the precursor for the Y chromosomal DAZ cluster , which encodes for putative RNA binding proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of this study was to evaluate in a group of 34 Tunisian infertile patients ( 16 oligozoospermic and 18 azoospermic men ) the prevalence of DAZ microdeletions using a rapid molecular strategy : the PCR DGGE method based on the high degree of homology between the DAZ gene and its autosomally equivalent DAZLA gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q92904	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.55613919
DAZ encodes a testis specific protein with RNA binding potential recently derived from a single copy gene DAZL 1 ( DAZ like ) on chromosome 3 . 0.55613919^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Unlike human DAZ , which is Y linked , in mouse the Dazh ( DAZ homolog ) gene maps to chromosome 17 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A DAZ homolog , DAZL ( DAZ Like ) , is found in diverse organisms , including humans and is required for germ cell development in males and / or females . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Thus , invertebrates such as flies and worms contain just a single DAZ homolog , boule , while genomes of vertebrates , other than catarrhine primates ( Old World monkeys and hominids ) , possess both Boule and Dazl genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DAZLA ( DAZ Like Autosomal ) gene on human chromosome 3 shares a high degree of homology with the DAZ ( Deleted in AZoospermia ) gene family on the Y chromosome , a gene family frequently deleted in males with azoospermia or severe oligospermia . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We report multiple copies of DAZ ( > 99 % identical in DNA sequence ) clustered in the AZF region and a functional DAZ homologue ( DAZH ) on human chromosome 3 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
For example , the Y linked fertility factor DAZ ( Deleted in Azoospermia ) appears to have arisen after the transposition and tandem amplification of the autosomal DAZH gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A gene on the human Y chromosome , specifically deleted in azoospermic patients ( DAZ : deleted in azoospermia ) , and a DAZ homologue ( DAZH ) on human chromosome 3 , have been recently described . ^^^ In the present work we report the isolation and characterization of the corresponding DAZH gene of the cynomolgus monkey ( Macaca fascicularis ) , which we have named cynDAZLA ( cynomolgus DAZ like autosomal ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The autosomal homologs of the human Y chromosomal DAZ gene ( DAZH and Dazh in human and mouse , respectively ) are strong candidate for Azoospermia factor and encode a testis specific RNA binding proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human DAZL 1 gene ( known also as DAZH or DAZLA ) is the autosomal homologue of the Y chromosomal DAZ gene which has been found to be deleted in azoospermic males . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This RNA , Xdazl ( Xenopus DAZ like ) , encodes a protein homologous to human DAZ ( Deleted in Azoospermia ) , vertebrate DAZL and Drosophila Boule proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Drosophila boule gene is expressed exclusively in the male germline and encodes an RNA binding protein closely related to the mammalian fertility factors encoded by the DAZ ( Deleted in Azoospermia ) and DAZL ( DAZ like ) genes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Both Xdazl and boule are related to the human DAZ and DAZL , and murine Dazl genes , which are also involved in gamete differentiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Y chromosomal DAZ ( deleted in azoospermia ) gene and the autosomal Dazl ( deleted in azoospermia like ) gene are two crucial factors for the achievement and maintenance of spermatogenesis . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
One possible explanation for this could be that the DAZ protein is responsible for the nuclear localization of DAZL in human males . ^^^ We have tested this hypothesis by examining the testis of marmosets , which lack the Daz genes and have found that the DAZL protein is both nuclear and cytoplasmic in spermatogonia , and by analyzing testis sections from DAZ deleted patients in whom the cytoplasmic location of DAZL is evident in remaining germ cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human DAZ gene family is expressed in germ cells and consists of a cluster of nearly identical DAZ ( deleted in azoospermia ) genes on the Y chromosome and an autosomal homolog , DAZL ( DAZ like ) . ^^^ Y chromosome deletions that encompass the DAZ genes are a common cause of spermatogenic failure in men , and autosomal homologs of DAZ are essential for testicular germ cell development in mice and DROSOPHILA : Previous studies have reported that mouse DAZL protein is strictly cytoplasmic and that human DAZ protein is restricted to postmeiotic cells . ^^^ By contrast , we report here that human DAZ and human and mouse DAZL proteins are present in both the nuclei and cytoplasm of fetal gonocytes and in spermatogonial nuclei . ^^^ Further observations using human tissues indicate that , unlike DAZ , human DAZL protein persists in spermatids and even spermatozoa . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DAZ is an RNA binding protein encoded by a region on the Y chromosome implicated in infertility , and DAZ like ( Dazl ) proteins are master regulators of germ line gene expression in all animals . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
With the identification of this gene , it is clear that the human DAZ gene family contains at least three members : DAZ , a Y chromosome gene cluster that arose 30 40 million years ago and whose deletion is linked to infertility in men ; DAZL , the `` father ' ' of DAZ , a gene that maps to human chromosome 3 and has homologs required for both female and male germ cell development in other organisms ; and BOULE , a gene that we propose is the `` grandfather ' ' of DAZ and maps to human chromosome 2 . ^^^ In contrast , the previously identified human DAZ and DAZL are expressed much earlier than BOULE in prenatal germ stem cells and spermatogonia ; DAZL also is expressed in female germ cells . ^^^ These data suggest that homologs of the DAZ gene family can be grouped into two subfamilies ( BOULE and DAZL ) and that members of the DAZ family evolved from an ancestral meiotic regulator , Boule , to assume distinct , yet overlapping , functions in germ cell development . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DAZ gene was derived from an autosomal homologue , DAZL ( DAZ Like ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Y chromosomal DAZ ( deleted in azoospermia ) and autosomal DAZ like ( DAZL ) comprise a gene family involved in gametogenesis . ^^^ We used transgenic mice carrying either human DAZL or human DAZ on a mouse Dazl null background to investigate the functions of the human homologues . ^^^ The presence of human DAZL resulted in a larger amount of early germ cells compared with that observed in DAZ . ^^^ These findings confirm that DAZL and DAZ can only substitute for early functions of the murine homologue resulting in the establishment of the germ cell population and partial progression into meiosis . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The autosomal gene DAZL is a member of a family of genes ( DAZL , DAZ , BOULE ) , all of which contain a consensus RNA binding domain and are expressed in germ cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
To determine any possibly modifying influence of other genes involved in spermatogenesis , we analysed two polymorphisms of the DAZL gene , the autosomal homologue of the deleted DAZ gene . ^^^ DAZL and DAZ might be functionally related to each other . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
INTERVENTION ( S ) : The mRNA transcript concentrations of the DAZ family genes ( BOULE , DAZL , DAZ ) and the housekeeping GAPDH gene in the testes of azoospermic men were examined by quantitative competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( QC RT PCR ) . ^^^ MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE ( S ) : Transcript ratios ( gene / GAPDH ) of BOULE , DAZL , and DAZ . ^^^ RESULT ( S ) : The transcript ratios for BOULE , DAZL , and DAZ were significantly decreased in tissues with spermatogenic failure ( hypospermatogenesis , maturation arrest , and Sertoli cell only ) . ^^^ However , the ratios of BOULE / DAZL and DAZ / DAZL did not reveal any significant difference in all tissues . ^^^ Three patients with DAZ deletion possess lower transcripts of BOULE and DAZL . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Evidence from diverse organisms , including humans , suggests that the DAZ ( Deleted in Azoospermia ) gene and a closely related homolog , DAZL ( DAZ like ) , are required early in germ cell development to maintain initial germ cell populations . ^^^ The DZIP gene is expressed predominantly in human embryonic stem cells and fetal and adult germ cells ; moreover , two DZIP protein isoforms colocalize with DAZ and / or DAZL proteins in these tissues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Characterization of the mouse Dazap 1 gene encoding an RNA binding protein that interacts with infertility factors DAZ and DAZL . ^^^ In vitro , DAZAP 1 interacts with both the Y chromosome encoded DAZ and an autosome encoded DAZ like protein , DAZL . ^^^ To understand the biological function of DAZAP 1 and the significance of its interaction with DAZ and DAZL , we isolated and characterized the mouse Dazap 1 gene , and studied its expression and the subcellular localization of its protein product . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
BACKGROUND : The human DAZ gene family includes two autosomal genes , BOULE and DAZL , and a Y chromosomal DAZ gene cluster . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DAZL is an autosomal homologue of the Y chromosomal DAZ ( deleted in azoospermia ) gene cluster and both are considered master regulators of spermatogenesis . ^^^ The aim of the present study was to screen ( 1 ) for mutations of the entire coding sequence of the DAZL gene in patients lacking of the DAZ gene cluster , in order to evaluate if DAZL polymorphisms may influence the AZFc deletion phenotype ; ( 2 ) for the two previously described ( and eventually newly identified ) single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ) in a large group of infertile and normospermic men of Italian origin . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DAZ family of genes ( consisting of homologues of BOULE , DAZL and DAZ ) encode highly conserved RNA binding proteins that are essential for gametogenesis in metazoans . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We also show that BOL and PUM 2 can form a complex on a subset of PUM 2 RNA targets that is distinct from targets bound by PUM 2 and another deleted in azoospermia ( DAZ ) family member , DAZ like ( DAZL ) . ^^^ This data also suggests that although the BOL , DAZ , and DAZL proteins are all members of the same gene family , they may function in distinct molecular complexes during human germ cell development . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Here we demonstrate that members of this family , including Xdazl , mouse Dazl , human DAZL , human DAZ and human BOULE , have the ability to stimulate translation and function at the level of translation initiation . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DAZL ( DAZ like ) gene is suggested to be an ancestral gene of the DAZ ( deleted in azoospermia ) gene on the Y chromosome , which is a strong candidate for the azoospermic factor . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The Deleted in Azoospermia ( DAZ ) gene belongs to a gene family that consists of three members : BOULE , DAZ Like ( DAZL ) and DAZ . ^^^ DAZ and DAZL are expressed throughout most of the life of germ cells and are required for the development of primordial germ cells and the differentiation and maturation of the germ cells . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Cydazl is a homologue of the human DAZ ( deleted in azoospermia ) , DAZL , and Xenopus dazl genes , which are involved in gametogenesis or germ cell specification . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The autosomal DAZL ( Deleted in Azoospermic Like ) gene , mapped to the short arm of the human chromosome 3 , is the precursor for the Y chromosomal DAZ cluster , which encodes for putative RNA binding proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
A comparison of autosomal DAZL 1 and Y linked DAZ intron sequences gave a new figure for male to female mutation rates of alpham = 4 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Expression of DAZ ( deleted in azoospermia ) , DAZL 1 ( DAZ like ) and protamine 2 in testis and its application for diagnosis of spermatogenesis in non obstructive azoospermia . ^^^ In this study , we have detected the expression of the deleted in azoospermia ( DAZ ) , the DAZ like autosome ( DAZL 1 ) , and the protamine 2 genes in spermatogenic cells . ^^^ After microscopic observation of the wet preparation of the testis tissues , seminiferous tubule contents were used for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT PCR ) analysis of DAZ , DAZL 1 and protamine 2 . ^^^ In 13 patients with spermatozoa under the wet preparation , the expression of DAZ , DAZL 1 and protamine 2 was detected in all the preparations . ^^^ In one wet preparation showing only spermatogonia / spermatocyte , only DAZ and DAZL 1 RNA were detected . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
According to the current evolutionary model , the DAZ cluster derived from the autosomal homolog DAZL 1 through duplications and rearrangements and is confined to Old World monkeys , apes and humans . ^^^ To study functional and evolutionary aspects of this gene family we have isolated from a cynomolgus ( Old World ) monkey testis cDNA library the Y chromosomal cynDAZ and the autosomal cynDAZL 1 cDNA . cynDAZL 1 contains one DAZ repeat and displays high homology to human DAZL 1 . cynDAZ comprises 11 repeats , each consisting of exons 7 and 8 , whereas the human DAZ cDNA repeat units contain predominantly exon 7 . ^^^ In contrast , in the marmoset monkey , an animal lacking DAZ , DAZL 1 protein was only expressed in late spermatocytes and early spermatids . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The human DAZ ( Deleted in AZoospermia ) gene family contains a cluster of DAZ genes on the Y chromosome and a single autosomal homologue , DAZL 1 ( DAZ Like ) that maps to chromosome 3p24 . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
We mimicked human deletions of RBM and DAZ in the mouse by crossing male mice with a deleted Y chromosome with a reduced number of Rbm genes ( Y ( d 1 ) ) to heterozygote Dazl 1 null female mice to study the interaction of the Dazl 1 and Rbm or other genes located in the Y ( d 1 ) deletion interval . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DAZ and an autosomal DAZ like gene , DAZL 1 , are expressed in germ cells only . ^^^ They encode proteins with an RNA recognition motif and with either a single copy ( in DAZL 1 ) or multiple copies ( in DAZ ) of a DAZ repeat . ^^^ A role for DAZL 1 and DAZ in spermatogenesis is supported by their homology to a Drosophila male infertility protein Boule and by sterility of Dazl 1 knock out mice . ^^^ We found that DAZL 1 and DAZ bound similarly to various RNA homopolymers in vitro . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
This gene , Dazla ( Daz like , autosomal ) , is autosomal , located on chromosome 17 and apparently single copy . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Downstream of it , a specific 130 bp sequence domain is present which is absent in DAZ and SPGY 1 but present in the mouse gene Dazla and in the Drosophila gene boule . ^^^ The data presented give strong evidence that not DAZ but SPGYLA is the functional human homologue of Dazla and boule . . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DAZ ( Deleted in AZoospermia ) and DAZLA ( DAZ like autosomal ) genes may be determinants of male infertility . ^^^ Instead , a Dazla gene was isolated from mouse chromosome 17 and has been considered to be a murine homologue of DAZ . ^^^ However , the homology between human DAZ and mouse Dazla is not strong , and Dazla contains only one of the seven DAZ repeats found in DAZ . ^^^ We report the isolation of the human DAZLA gene by screening a human testis cDNA library with a DAZ cDNA clone . ^^^ DAZLA encodes only one DAZ repeat and shares high homology with the mouse Dazla , indicating that these two genes are homologues . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Identification of two novel proteins that interact with germ cell specific RNA binding proteins DAZ and DAZL 1 . ^^^ The human DAZ ( deleted in azoospermia ) gene family on the Y chromosome and an autosomal DAZ like gene , DAZL 1 , encode RNA binding proteins that are expressed exclusively in germ cells . ^^^ While all mammals contain a DAZL 1 homologue on their autosomes , DAZ homologues are present only on the Y chromosomes of great apes and Old World monkeys . ^^^ The DAZ and DAZL 1 proteins differ in the copy numbers of a DAZ repeat and the C terminal sequences . ^^^ We studied the interaction of DAZ and DAZL 1 with other proteins as an approach to investigate functional similarity between these two proteins . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Mice with a null allele for Dazl 1 , the mouse homologue of DAZ , are infertile due to a meiotic entry defect . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
DAZ like 1 ( DAZL 1 ) is a germ cell specific protein expressed in both male and female gonads . ^^^ The DAZL 1 gene , which maps to chromosome 3 in humans , is an autosomal homologue to the Deleted in AZoospermia ( DAZ ) gene ( s ) located on the Y chromosome . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Sequence analysis shows that the human gene is part of the DAZ ( Deleted in Azoospermia ) family , represents the human homologue of the mouse Dazla and Drosophila boule genes , and is termed DAZLA . ^^^ Unlike DAZ , which has multiple DAZ repeats , DAZLA encodes a putative RNA binding protein with a single RNA binding motif and a single DAZ repeat . ^^^ DAZLA is more closely related to Dazla in the mouse than to the Y linked homologue DAZ ( 88 % identity overall with mouse Dazla compared to 76 % identity with the human DAZ protein sequence ) . ^^^ Southern blot analysis showed that DAZLA is autosomal in all mammals tested and that DAZ has been recently translocated to the Y chromosome , sometime after the divergence of Old World and New World primates . ^^^ To investigate the evolutionary relatedness of DAZLA and DAZ further , their partial genomic structures were obtained and compared . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The DAZ / SPGY genes are particularly amenable to a knockout approach , as they are found on the Y chromosome in Old World primates and apes , but in other mammals , they are represented only by an autosomal gene , DAZLA , which is also present in Old World primates and apes . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The experiment consists of amplifying simultaneously exon 4 of the DAZ and DAZLA genes with the use of specific primers that are complementary to intronic sequences of these genes . ^^^ Compared with the classic PCR approach , this new method allows the amplification of the DAZLA copy to be used as an effective internal control in infertile men with microdeletion of the DAZ locus . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
Y microdeletion was analysed by PCR screening of STSs from different regions of the AZF ( AZFa , AZFb , AZFc ) on the long arm of the Y , as well as by using DNA probes of the genes RBM , DAZ ( Yq ) , DAZLA ( an autosomal homologue of DAZ ) and SRY ( Yp ; sex determining gene ) . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
The aim of this study was to evaluate in a group of 34 Tunisian infertile patients ( 16 oligozoospermic and 18 azoospermic men ) the prevalence of DAZ microdeletions using a rapid molecular strategy : the PCR DGGE method based on the high degree of homology between the DAZ gene and its autosomally equivalent DAZLA gene . ^^^
Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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Interacting proteins: Q92904 and Q86SG3	Pubmed	SVM Score :0.0
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