| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we describe the cloning and characterization of the Drosophila gene boule , which is a homologue of DAZ . ^^^ These results support the hypothesis that DAZ is the human AZF , and indicate that Boule and DAZ have an essential meiotic function in fly and human spermatogenesis . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Downstream of it , a specific 130 bp sequence domain is present which is absent in DAZ and SPGY 1 but present in the mouse gene Dazla and in the Drosophila gene boule . ^^^ The data presented give strong evidence that not DAZ but SPGYLA is the functional human homologue of Dazla and boule . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Sequence analysis shows that the human gene is part of the DAZ ( Deleted in Azoospermia ) family , represents the human homologue of the mouse Dazla and Drosophila boule genes , and is termed DAZLA . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The involvement of both DAZ and DAZLA in spermatogenesis is suggested by their testis specific expression and their homology with a Drosophila male infertility gene , boule . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , the DAZ genes share a high degree of similarity with a Drosophila male infertility gene , boule . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A Xenopus DAZ like gene encodes an RNA component of germ plasm and is a functional homologue of Drosophila boule . ^^^ This RNA , Xdazl ( Xenopus DAZ like ) , encodes a protein homologous to human DAZ ( Deleted in Azoospermia ) , vertebrate DAZL and Drosophila Boule proteins . ^^^ Human males deficient in DAZ have few or no sperm and boule mutant flies exhibit complete azoospermia and male sterility . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Drosophila boule gene is expressed exclusively in the male germline and encodes an RNA binding protein closely related to the mammalian fertility factors encoded by the DAZ ( Deleted in Azoospermia ) and DAZL ( DAZ like ) genes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both Xdazl and boule are related to the human DAZ and DAZL , and murine Dazl genes , which are also involved in gamete differentiation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A Drosophila homologue of DAZ , called boule , is also essential for spermatogenesis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A role for DAZL 1 and DAZ in spermatogenesis is supported by their homology to a Drosophila male infertility protein Boule and by sterility of Dazl 1 knock out mice . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Their role in spermatogenesis is supported by their homology with a Drosophila male infertility gene boule and sterility of Daz 11 knock out mice . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we report the identification of an additional member of the DAZ gene family , which we have called BOULE . ^^^ With the identification of this gene , it is clear that the human DAZ gene family contains at least three members : DAZ , a Y chromosome gene cluster that arose 30 40 million years ago and whose deletion is linked to infertility in men ; DAZL , the `` father ' ' of DAZ , a gene that maps to human chromosome 3 and has homologs required for both female and male germ cell development in other organisms ; and BOULE , a gene that we propose is the `` grandfather ' ' of DAZ and maps to human chromosome 2 . ^^^ Human and mouse BOULE resemble the invertebrate meiotic regulator Boule , the proposed ortholog of DAZ , in sequence and expression pattern and hence likely perform a similar meiotic function . ^^^ In contrast , the previously identified human DAZ and DAZL are expressed much earlier than BOULE in prenatal germ stem cells and spermatogonia ; DAZL also is expressed in female germ cells . ^^^ These data suggest that homologs of the DAZ gene family can be grouped into two subfamilies ( BOULE and DAZL ) and that members of the DAZ family evolved from an ancestral meiotic regulator , Boule , to assume distinct , yet overlapping , functions in germ cell development . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here , we investigated the micro and macro evolution of the BOULE gene , a member of the human DAZ ( deleted in azoospermia ) gene family , within primates , within mammals and within metazoans . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The autosomal gene DAZL is a member of a family of genes ( DAZL , DAZ , BOULE ) , all of which contain a consensus RNA binding domain and are expressed in germ cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| INTERVENTION ( S ) : The mRNA transcript concentrations of the DAZ family genes ( BOULE , DAZL , DAZ ) and the housekeeping GAPDH gene in the testes of azoospermic men were examined by quantitative competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( QC RT PCR ) . ^^^ MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE ( S ) : Transcript ratios ( gene / GAPDH ) of BOULE , DAZL , and DAZ . ^^^ RESULT ( S ) : The transcript ratios for BOULE , DAZL , and DAZ were significantly decreased in tissues with spermatogenic failure ( hypospermatogenesis , maturation arrest , and Sertoli cell only ) . ^^^ However , the ratios of BOULE / DAZL and DAZ / DAZL did not reveal any significant difference in all tissues . ^^^ Three patients with DAZ deletion possess lower transcripts of BOULE and DAZL . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Deleted in Azoospermia ( DAZ ) gene belongs to a gene family that consists of three members : BOULE , DAZ Like ( DAZL ) and DAZ . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Boule and the DAZ homologues in mice and humans appear specific to the testis . ^^^ Here we show , for the first time , a function for the DAZ protein , Boule , outside of meiosis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : The human DAZ gene family includes two autosomal genes , BOULE and DAZL , and a Y chromosomal DAZ gene cluster . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The DAZ family of genes ( consisting of homologues of BOULE , DAZL and DAZ ) encode highly conserved RNA binding proteins that are essential for gametogenesis in metazoans . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we demonstrate that members of this family , including Xdazl , mouse Dazl , human DAZL , human DAZ and human BOULE , have the ability to stimulate translation and function at the level of translation initiation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Evolutionary comparison of the reproductive genes , DAZL and BOULE , in primates with and without DAZ . ^^^ Genes of the DAZ ( Deleted in AZoospermia ) gene family , DAZ , DAZL ( DAZ Like ) , and BOULE , encode closely related RNA binding proteins that are required for fertility in numerous organisms , yet the genomes of different organisms possess different complements of DAZ family genes . ^^^ Thus , invertebrates such as flies and worms contain just a single DAZ homolog , boule , while genomes of vertebrates , other than catarrhine primates ( Old World monkeys and hominids ) , possess both Boule and Dazl genes . ^^^ Finally , catarrhine primates possess BOULE , DAZL , and DAZ genes . ^^^ Thus , our data are most consistent with the hypothesis that the introduction of DAZ did not affect the evolution of DAZL or BOULE , and that a higher neutral mutation rate in platyrrhines than in catarrhines , along with the greater tolerance of DAZL for variation relative to BOULE , may be the foundation for the observed differences in sequence divergence in this gene family . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q86SG3 and Q8N9W6 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we describe the cloning and characterization of the Drosophila gene boule , which is a homologue of DAZ . ^^^ These results support the hypothesis that DAZ is the human AZF , and indicate that Boule and DAZ have an essential meiotic function in fly and human spermatogenesis . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Downstream of it , a specific 130 bp sequence domain is present which is absent in DAZ and SPGY 1 but present in the mouse gene Dazla and in the Drosophila gene boule . ^^^ The data presented give strong evidence that not DAZ but SPGYLA is the functional human homologue of Dazla and boule . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Sequence analysis shows that the human gene is part of the DAZ ( Deleted in Azoospermia ) family , represents the human homologue of the mouse Dazla and Drosophila boule genes , and is termed DAZLA . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The involvement of both DAZ and DAZLA in spermatogenesis is suggested by their testis specific expression and their homology with a Drosophila male infertility gene , boule . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition , the DAZ genes share a high degree of similarity with a Drosophila male infertility gene , boule . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A Xenopus DAZ like gene encodes an RNA component of germ plasm and is a functional homologue of Drosophila boule . ^^^ This RNA , Xdazl ( Xenopus DAZ like ) , encodes a protein homologous to human DAZ ( Deleted in Azoospermia ) , vertebrate DAZL and Drosophila Boule proteins . ^^^ Human males deficient in DAZ have few or no sperm and boule mutant flies exhibit complete azoospermia and male sterility . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Drosophila boule gene is expressed exclusively in the male germline and encodes an RNA binding protein closely related to the mammalian fertility factors encoded by the DAZ ( Deleted in Azoospermia ) and DAZL ( DAZ like ) genes . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Both Xdazl and boule are related to the human DAZ and DAZL , and murine Dazl genes , which are also involved in gamete differentiation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A Drosophila homologue of DAZ , called boule , is also essential for spermatogenesis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A role for DAZL 1 and DAZ in spermatogenesis is supported by their homology to a Drosophila male infertility protein Boule and by sterility of Dazl 1 knock out mice . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Their role in spermatogenesis is supported by their homology with a Drosophila male infertility gene boule and sterility of Daz 11 knock out mice . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we report the identification of an additional member of the DAZ gene family , which we have called BOULE . ^^^ With the identification of this gene , it is clear that the human DAZ gene family contains at least three members : DAZ , a Y chromosome gene cluster that arose 30 40 million years ago and whose deletion is linked to infertility in men ; DAZL , the `` father ' ' of DAZ , a gene that maps to human chromosome 3 and has homologs required for both female and male germ cell development in other organisms ; and BOULE , a gene that we propose is the `` grandfather ' ' of DAZ and maps to human chromosome 2 . ^^^ Human and mouse BOULE resemble the invertebrate meiotic regulator Boule , the proposed ortholog of DAZ , in sequence and expression pattern and hence likely perform a similar meiotic function . ^^^ In contrast , the previously identified human DAZ and DAZL are expressed much earlier than BOULE in prenatal germ stem cells and spermatogonia ; DAZL also is expressed in female germ cells . ^^^ These data suggest that homologs of the DAZ gene family can be grouped into two subfamilies ( BOULE and DAZL ) and that members of the DAZ family evolved from an ancestral meiotic regulator , Boule , to assume distinct , yet overlapping , functions in germ cell development . . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here , we investigated the micro and macro evolution of the BOULE gene , a member of the human DAZ ( deleted in azoospermia ) gene family , within primates , within mammals and within metazoans . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The autosomal gene DAZL is a member of a family of genes ( DAZL , DAZ , BOULE ) , all of which contain a consensus RNA binding domain and are expressed in germ cells . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| INTERVENTION ( S ) : The mRNA transcript concentrations of the DAZ family genes ( BOULE , DAZL , DAZ ) and the housekeeping GAPDH gene in the testes of azoospermic men were examined by quantitative competitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( QC RT PCR ) . ^^^ MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE ( S ) : Transcript ratios ( gene / GAPDH ) of BOULE , DAZL , and DAZ . ^^^ RESULT ( S ) : The transcript ratios for BOULE , DAZL , and DAZ were significantly decreased in tissues with spermatogenic failure ( hypospermatogenesis , maturation arrest , and Sertoli cell only ) . ^^^ However , the ratios of BOULE / DAZL and DAZ / DAZL did not reveal any significant difference in all tissues . ^^^ Three patients with DAZ deletion possess lower transcripts of BOULE and DAZL . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The Deleted in Azoospermia ( DAZ ) gene belongs to a gene family that consists of three members : BOULE , DAZ Like ( DAZL ) and DAZ . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Boule and the DAZ homologues in mice and humans appear specific to the testis . ^^^ Here we show , for the first time , a function for the DAZ protein , Boule , outside of meiosis . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| BACKGROUND : The human DAZ gene family includes two autosomal genes , BOULE and DAZL , and a Y chromosomal DAZ gene cluster . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The DAZ family of genes ( consisting of homologues of BOULE , DAZL and DAZ ) encode highly conserved RNA binding proteins that are essential for gametogenesis in metazoans . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we demonstrate that members of this family , including Xdazl , mouse Dazl , human DAZL , human DAZ and human BOULE , have the ability to stimulate translation and function at the level of translation initiation . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: Q8N9W6 and Q86SG3 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Evolutionary comparison of the reproductive genes , DAZL and BOULE , in primates with and without DAZ . ^^^ Genes of the DAZ ( Deleted in AZoospermia ) gene family , DAZ , DAZL ( DAZ Like ) , and BOULE , encode closely related RNA binding proteins that are required for fertility in numerous organisms , yet the genomes of different organisms possess different complements of DAZ family genes . ^^^ Thus , invertebrates such as flies and worms contain just a single DAZ homolog , boule , while genomes of vertebrates , other than catarrhine primates ( Old World monkeys and hominids ) , possess both Boule and Dazl genes . ^^^ Finally , catarrhine primates possess BOULE , DAZL , and DAZ genes . ^^^ Thus , our data are most consistent with the hypothesis that the introduction of DAZ did not affect the evolution of DAZL or BOULE , and that a higher neutral mutation rate in platyrrhines than in catarrhines , along with the greater tolerance of DAZL for variation relative to BOULE , may be the foundation for the observed differences in sequence divergence in this gene family . . ^^^ |
|