| MAN 1 , an integral protein of the inner nuclear membrane , binds Smad 2 and Smad 3 and antagonizes transforming growth factor beta signaling . ^^^ We show that the nucleoplasmic , C terminal domain of human MAN 1 binds to Smad 2 and Smad 3 and antagonizes signaling by transforming growth factor beta ( TGF beta ) . ^^^ In direct two hybrid assays , this portion of MAN 1 bound to Smad 2 and Smad 3 . ^^^ In glutathione S transferase precipitation assays , the C terminal domain of MAN 1 bound to Smad 2 and Smad 3 under stringent conditions . ^^^ Antibodies against MAN 1 were able to co immunoprecipiate Smad 2 from cells , demonstrating that they reside in the same complex in vivo . ^^^ |