| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ras acting via Erk MAP kinases causes phosphorylation of Smad 2 and Smad 3 at specific sites in the region linking the DNA binding domain and the transcriptional activation domain . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| However , we found no evidence in this system that ERK can significantly influence the function of Smad 2 , Smad 3 , and Smad 4 at the level of nuclear translocation , DNA binding , or transcriptional activation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Here we show that TGIF levels modulate sensitivity to TGF beta mediated growth inhibition , that TGIF is a short lived protein and that epidermal growth factor ( EGF ) signaling via the Ras Mek pathway causes the phosphorylation of TGIF at two Erk MAP kinase sites , leading to TGIF stabilization and favoring the formation of Smad 2 TGIF co repressor complexes in response to TGF beta . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We show that phosphorylation of Smad 2 , a mediator of the activin / transforming growth factor beta signal , by activated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 ( ERK 1 ) increases the amount of Smad 2 protein and leads to enhanced transcriptional activity . ^^^ In addition , transfection of Smad 2 mutants lacking ERK sites resulted in reduced transcription , whereas mutants that mimicked ERK phosphorylation stimulated transcription . ^^^ The amount of Smad 2 protein was increased by transfection with a constitutively active MEK 1 and reduced by co transfection with the ERK phosphatase , HVH 2 . ^^^ A site of ERK dependent phosphorylation on Smad 2 was located to Thr ( 8 ) , a site that overlaps with the calmodulin binding region . ^^^ We show that calmodulin inhibits Smad 2 phosphorylation by ERK 1 , and overexpressing calmodulin , or stimulating calmodulin activity with ionomycin , reduces Smad 2 levels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Although Smad 2 , Smad 3 , and extracellular signal regulated kinase ( ERK ) mitogen activated protein kinases ( MAPKs ) have been proposed as key mediators in TGF beta signaling , their functional specificities and interactivity in controlling transcriptional programs in different cell types and ( patho ) physiological contexts are not known . ^^^ We investigated expression profiles of genes controlled by TGF beta in fibroblasts with ablations of Smad 2 , Smad 3 , and ERK MAPK . ^^^ In contrast , Smad 2 and ERK predominantly transmodulated regulation of both immediate early and intermediate genes by TGF beta / Smad3 . ^^^ These results suggest a previously uncharacterized hierarchical model of gene regulation by TGF beta in which TGF beta causes direct activation by Smad 3 of cascades of regulators of transcription and signaling that are transmodulated by Smad 2 and / or ERK . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Distinct roles of Smad 2 , Smad 3 , and ERK dependent pathways in transforming growth factor beta 1 regulation of pancreatic stellate cellular functions . ^^^ We propose that TGF beta ( 1 ) differentially regulates PSC activation , proliferation , and TGF beta ( 1 ) mRNA expression through Smad 2 , Smad 3 , and ERK dependent pathways , respectively . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ang 2 induced LV remodeling and fibrosis are dependent on both ERK and Smad 2 activation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Surprisingly , however , whereas activation of Smad 2 was rapid and maximal after 15 min incubation , activation of MAP kinases was delayed with p 38 stimulation detected after 1 h exposure and activation of ERK and JNK after 3 h , suggesting indirect activation of MAP kinases by TGF ( beta ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| TGF beta 1 increased dichlorofluorescein sensitive cellular ROS , phosphorylated Smad 2 , p 38 MAPK , extracellular signal regulated kinases ( ERK ) 1 / 2 , alpha smooth muscle actin ( alpha SMA ) expression , and fibronectin secretion and decreased E cadherin expression . ^^^ Antioxidants effectively inhibited TGF beta 1 induced cellular ROS , phosphorylation of Smad 2 , p 38 MAPK , and ERK , and EMT . ^^^ Chemical inhibition of ERK but not p 38 MAPK inhibited TGF beta 1 induced Smad 2 phosphorylation , and both MAPK inhibitors inhibited TGF beta 1 and H ( 2 ) O ( 2 ) induced EMT . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Effects on transforming growth factor beta 1 ( TGF beta 1 ) receptor binding were analyzed by flow cytometry and on TGF beta 1 signal transduction by immunoblot analyses for Smad 4 and 7 , translocation from cytosol to nucleus for Smad 2 and 3 as well as for phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of p 38 , c Jun NH 2 terminal kinase ( JNK ) and extracellular regulated protein kinase ( ERK ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : TGF beta dependent activation of Smad 2 , p 38 , and Erk 1 / 2 was examined by Western blot analysis . ^^^ RESULTS : TGF beta stimulation of HTF induced a rapid and transient activation of Smad 2 and Erk , whereas p 38 activation was biphasic and sustained . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Seven days after surgery , flap viability was assessed , and expression of VEGF , bFGF , TGF beta 1 , NF kappaB , Erk 2 , Stat 1 , and Smad 2 genes of the NF kappaB , MAPK , JAK STAT , and Smad pathways was assessed by quantitative analysis of the products of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction . ^^^ In contrast , expression of TGF beta 1 , and Erk 2 , Stat 1 , and Smad 2 genes was not changed . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Ureteric obstruction for 28 days leads to interstitial fibrosis , tubule atrophy , and marked activation of SMAD 2 and JNK 1 , without significant change in p 38 kinase or ERK . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Significantly , activation of the mitogen activated protein ( MAP ) kinase pathway with transforming growth factor alpha ( TGFalpha ) ( monitored by Erk phosphorylation ) blocked TGFbeta 1 induced LH R expression , and this effect was associated with the inhibition of Smad 2 phosphorylation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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| Interacting proteins: Q15796 and P28482 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
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