| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.51047341 |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor D ( VEGF D ) binds and activates the endothelial cell tyrosine kinase receptors VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) and VEGF receptor 3 ( VEGFR 3 ) , is mitogenic for endothelial cells , and shares structural homology and receptor specificity with VEGF C . 0.51047341^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.79612166 |
| BACKGROUND : Vascular endothelial growth factor D ( VEGF D ) binds and activates vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) , which signals for angiogenesis , and VEGFR 3 , which signals for lymphangiogenesis . 0.79612166^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor D ( VEGF D ) is a ligand for the tyrosine kinases VEGF receptor 2 ( Flk 1 ) and VEGF receptor 3 ( Flt 4 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor D ( VEGF D ) , the most recently discovered mammalian member of the VEGF family , is an angiogenic protein that activates VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 / Flk1 / KDR ) and VEGFR 3 ( Flt 4 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor D ( VEGF D ) stimulates growth of vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells by signaling through the tyrosine kinase receptors KDR ( VEGFR 2 ) and Flt 4 ( VEGFR 3 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor D activates VEGFR 3 expressed in osteoblasts inducing their differentiation . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| In addition we have shown that the VEGF homology domain of the structurally related growth factor VEGF D is capable of binding to and activating VEGFR 2 but has no vascular permeability activity , indicating that VEGFR 2 binding does not correlate with permeability activity for all VEGF family members . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| VEGF C and VEGF D , which bind both VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 were expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 binding VEGF homologues , VEGF C and VEGF D , are mitogens for both vascular and lymphatic endothelial cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Proteolysis is essential to generate human VEGF D that binds the angiogenic receptor VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) and the lymphangiogenic receptor VEGFR 3 with high affinity . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Characterization of indolinones which preferentially inhibit VEGF C and VEGF D induced activation of VEGFR 3 rather than VEGFR 2 . ^^^ Processed forms of VEGF C and VEGF D can also activate VEGFR 2 , a key player in the regulation of angiogenesis . ^^^ Furthermore , to understand the different roles of VEGF C , VEGF D , VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 in pathological situations it will be necessary to dissect the complex interactions of these ligands and their receptors . ^^^ We showed that Cys 152 > Ser mutants of processed rat VEGF C can activate VEGFR 3 but not VEGFR 2 , while the corresponding mutation in rat VEGF D inhibits its ability to activate both VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 . ^^^ We also synthesized and characterized indolinones that differentially block VEGF C and VEGF D induced VEGFR 3 kinase activity compared to that of VEGFR 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We aimed to assess the relationship of the angiogenic cytokines VEGF A , VEGF C , and VEGF D and their receptors VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 in the adenoma carcinoma sequence and in metastatic spread of colorectal cancer ( CRC ) . mRNA expression levels were measured using semi quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in 70 CRC ( 35 with paired mucosae ) and 20 adenomatous polyps . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| OBJECTIVE : To localize vascular endothelial growth factor C ( VEGF C ) and VEGF D in synovial specimens in relation to their VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 receptors in blood and lymphatic vessels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We first demonstrated in vitro that VEGF D Delta N Delta C encoded by the adenovirus ( Ad VEGF D Delta N Delta C ) is capable of inducing endothelial cell proliferation and migration and that the latter response is primarily mediated by VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) . ^^^ Immunohistochemical analysis of the cremaster muscle demonstrated that neovascularization induced by Ad VEGF D Delta N Delta C and by Ad VEGF A ( 165 ) ( an adenovirus encoding the 165 isoform of VEGF A ) was composed primarily of laminin and VEGFR 2 positive vessels containing red blood cells , thus indicating a predominantly angiogenic response . ^^^ In a skin model , Ad VEGF D Delta N Delta C induced angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis , as indicated by staining with laminin , VEGFR 2 , and VEGFR 3 , whereas Ad VEGF A ( 165 ) stimulated the selective growth of blood vessels . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Tumor vessels positive for VEGF D were also positive for its receptors , VEGF receptor 2 ( VEGFR 2 ) and / or VEGFR 3 but negative for VEGF D mRNA , indicating that VEGF D is secreted by tumor cells and subsequently associates with endothelium via receptor mediated uptake . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Inhibition of interaction of VEGFR 2 or VEGFR 3 with VEGF D but not of Tie 2 angiopoietin 1 interaction with soluble receptors abrogated Akt activation and survival of TEC . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We measured the gene expression of VEGF ligands ( VEGF A , VEGF B , VEGF C , and VEGF D ) and their receptors ( VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , and VEGFR 3 ) , in normal colorectal tissues ( n = 20 ) , adenomas ( n = 10 ) , and in CRC ( n = 71 ) representing different Duke ' s stages using ribonuclease protection assay , semi quantitative relative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction , together with the pattern of their expression by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| The expression and levels of the VEGF C and VEGF D cytokines , the VEGF receptors VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 , and newly described lymphatic endothelial markers , LYVE 1 , Prox 1 , podoplanin and 5 ' nucleotidase were assessed . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| They belong to the larger family which also includes VEGF , placenta growth factor ( PlGF ) and VEGF B , VEGF C and VEGF D are ligands for the endothelial cell specific tyrosine kinase receptors VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| A number of clinical and experimental studies suggest that tumor induced lymphangiogenesis driven by vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) C and / or VEGF D induced activation of VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 3 may promote metastasis to regional lymph nodes . ^^^ Firstly , ectopic expression of a soluble VEGFR 3 receptor globulin protein in MT 450 tumor cells that are highly metastatic via the lymphatics blocked VEGF C and VEGF D activity and suppressed metastasis formation in both the regional lymph nodes and the lungs . ^^^ These data show that expression of VEGF C and VEGF D in tissue culture does not reflect expression in vivo and that activation of VEGFR 3 in the absence of VEGFR 2 activation is sufficient to promote tumor induced lymphangiogenesis and metastasis , and they support the notion that blockade of VEGFR 3 activation will be useful as a novel form of cancer therapy . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Their CM VEGF C and VEGF D increase in response to plasma cell CM and trigger plasma cell proliferation via VEGFR 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN : We assessed the levels of immunoreactivity for VEGF D and VEGFR 3 in 71 endometrial carcinomas , 14 complex atypical endometrial hyperplasias , and 16 normal endometria by immunohistochemistry . ^^^ A strong correlation was found between high levels of VEGF D immunoreactivity in carcinoma cells and VEGFR 3 in both carcinoma cells and adjacent endothelial cells . ^^^ Similarly , high levels of VEGF D immunoreactivity in stromal cells were significantly correlated with those of VEGFR 3 in both carcinoma cells and endothelial cells . ^^^ High levels of VEGF D in carcinoma cells and stromal cells , as well as those of VEGFR 3 in carcinoma cells and endothelial cells , were significantly related to myometrial invasion and lymph node metastasis . ^^^ A strong correlation was found between poor survival and high levels of VEGF D in both carcinoma cells and stromal cells and between poor survival and high levels of VEGFR 3 in carcinoma cells . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We also examined whether VEGF addition and VEGF D addition cause phosphorylation of the mitogen activated protein kinase ( MAPK ) as well as VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN : Real time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR was used to measure levels of mRNA of tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis related factors [ vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) A , VEGF C , VEGF D , Flt 1 , KDR , Flt 4 , Ang 1 , Ang 2 , Tie 1 , Tie 2 , cyclooxygenase 2 , fibroblast growth factor 2 ( FGF 2 ) , Egr 1 , Prox 1 , and LYVE 1 ] in tumor specimens of 16 inflammatory breast cancer and 20 noninflammatory breast cancer patients . ^^^ RESULTS : Inflammatory breast cancer specimens had significantly higher mRNA expression levels than noninflammatory breast cancer specimens of the following genes : KDR ( P = 0 . 033 ) , Ang 1 , ( P = 0 . 0001 ) , Tie 1 ( P = 0 . 001 ) , Tie 2 ( P = 0 . 001 ) , FGF 2 ( P = 0 . 002 ) , VEGF C ( P = 0 . 001 ) , VEGF D ( P = 0 . 012 ) , Flt 4 ( P = 0 . 001 ) , Prox 1 ( P = 0 . 005 ) , and LYVE 1 ( P = 0 . 013 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) C and VEGF D stimulate lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in tissues and tumors by activating the endothelial cell surface receptor tyrosine kinases VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 and VEGFR 3 . ^^^ Here , we report that the serine protease plasmin cleaved both propeptides from the VEGF homology domain of human VEGF D and thereby generated a mature form exhibiting greatly enhanced binding and cross linking of VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 in comparison to full length material . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We studied the expression of VEGF D and its receptors ( VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 ) in normal and atherosclerotic human arteries , and compared that to the expression pattern of VEGF A . ^^^ The constitutive expression of VEGFR 2 in arteries suggests that it may be one of the principal mediators of the VEGF D effects in large arteries . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Comparisons of the primary tumors with BPH showed that there was a significant upregulation of VEGF B ( P=0 . 003 ) , VEGF D ( P=0 . 005 ) , flt 1 ( P=0 . 003 ) , KDR ( P=0 . 002 ) , flt 4 ( P=0 . 007 ) , and flt 4t ( Delta 773 1081 ) ( P=0 . 001 ) , but not VEGF C ( P=0 . 543 ) . ^^^ Statistical analysis further showed that there was no significant correlation between VEGF B , VEGF C , VEGF D , flt 1 , KDR , flt 4 and flt 4t ( Delta 773 1081 ) with patient age ( P > 0 . 10 ) , stage ( P > 0 . 10 ) , PSA value ( P > 0 . 15 ) or tumor size ( P > 0 . 15 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| VEGF D induced KDR and phospholipase C gamma tyrosine phosphorylation more slowly and less effectively than VEGF A at early times but had a more sustained effect and was as effective as VEGF A after 60 min . ^^^ VEGF D induced signaling and biological effects were blocked by the KDR inhibitor SU 5614 . ^^^ The finding that differential KDR activation by VEGF A and VEGF D has distinct consequences for endothelial signaling and function has important implications for understanding how multiple ligands for the same VEGF receptors can generate ligand specific biological responses . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| We characterized , at the mRNA and protein levels , the expression of VEGF A and VEGF D and their cognate receptors , VEGFR 1 , VEGFR 2 , and VEGFR 3 in early and advanced stage prostate cancer specimens . ^^^ CONCLUSIONS : Our results suggest that lymphangiogenic markers , such as VEGF D and VEGFR 2 and VEGFR 3 , may be better than angiogenic markers as targets of therapeutic intervention in advanced stage prostate disease . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Expression of mouse VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 2 and mouse VEGFR 3 mRNA was detected in the KKLS / VEGF C and KKLS / VEGF D gastric tumors . ^^^ CONCLUSION : VEGF C and VEGF D may induce neoformation of lymphatic vessels in experimental gastric tumors by the induction of VEGFR 3 expression . . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Thirty colorectal cancers , 12 lymph node metastases and 9 liver metastases were immunostained for VEGF A , VEGF C , VEGF D and VEGFR 2 . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| METHODS : Fifty pairs of normal mucosa and cancer specimens were obtained from patients who had undergone gastrectomy for primary gastric carcinoma and subjected to reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for VEGF C , VEGF D , and VEGFR 3 . ^^^ VEGFR 3 expression was associated both with VEGF C and VEGF D expression , but not with lymph node metastasis . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| Hypoxia caused by smoking may induce expression of the cytokines ' vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and VEGF D and their corresponding soluble tyrosine kinase receptors fms like tyrosine kinase receptor ( s Flt ) and kinase insert domain receptor ( s KDR ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| VEGFA ( VEGF ) , VEGFB , VEGFC , VEGFD ( FIGF ) and PGF ( PlGF ) are VEGF family ligands for receptor tyrosine kinases , including VEGFR 1 ( FLT 1 ) , VEGFR 2 ( KDR ) and VEGFR 3 ( FLT 4 ) . ^^^ |
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| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| There are nine proteins in the immediate VEGF family : VEGFA , VEGFB , VEGFC , VEGFD , VEGF 3 , placental growth factor ( PGF ) , VEGF receptor ( VEGFR ) 1 , VEGFR 2 , and VEGFR 1 related . ^^^ |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|
| Interacting proteins: O43915 and P35968 |
Pubmed |
SVM Score :0.0 |
| NA |
|